Skip to main content
Log in

Release studies related to the neurotransmitter role of glutamate in the cerebellum: An overview

  • An Overview
  • Published:
Neurochemical Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Palay, S. L., andChan-Palay, V. 1974. Cerebellar Cortex. Cytology and Organization. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  2. McBride, A. J., Nadi, N. S., Altman, J., andAprison, M. H. 1976. Effects of selective doses of X-irradation on the levels of several amino acids in the cerebellum of the rat. Neurochem. Res. 1:141–152.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Roffler-Tarlov, S., andSidman, R. L. 1978. Concentrations of glutamic acid in cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei of normal mice and Weaver, Staggerer and Nervous mutants. Brain Res. 142:269–283.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Young, A. E., Oster-Granite, M. L., Herndon, R. M., andSnyder, S. H. 1974. Glutamic acid: selective depletion by viral-induced granule cell loss in hamster cerebellum. Brain Res. 73:1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fonnum, F. 1984. Glutamate: a neurotransmitter inmammalian brain. J. Neurochem. 42:1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Curtis, D. R., andJohnston, G. A. R. 1974. Amino acids transmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. Ergeb. Physiol. Biol. Chem. Exp. Pharmacol. 69:97–188.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fonnum, F., Storm-Mathisen, J., andWalberg, F. 1970. Glutamate decarboxylase in inhibitory neurons. A study of the enzyme in Purkinje cell axons and boutons in the cat. Brain Res. 20:259–275.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Altman, J. 1972. Postnatal development of the cerebellar cortex of the rat. I. The external germinal layer and the transitional molecular layer. J. Comp. Neurol. 145:353–398.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Altman, J. 1972. Postnatal development of the cerebellar cortex of the rat. III. Maturation of the components of the granular layer. J. Comp. Neurol. 145:465–514.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Levi, G. 1984. Release of putative transmitter amino acids. Pages 463–509,in Lajtha, A. (ed.), Handbook of Neurochemistry, 2nd edition, Vol 6, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Drejer, J., Larsson, O. M., andSchousboe, A. 1983. Characterization of uptake and release processes ford- andl-aspartate in primary cultures of astrocytes and cerebellar granule cells. Neurochem. Res. 8:231–243.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hertz, L. 1979. Functional interactions between neurons and astrocytes I. Turnover and metabolism of putative amino acid transmitters. Progr. in Neurobiol. 13:277–323.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Semenoff, D., andKimelberg, H. K. 1985. Autoradiography of high affinity uptake of catecholamines by primary astrocyte cultures. Brain Res. 348:125–136.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wilkin, G. P., andLevi, G. 1986. Cerebellar astrocytes.in Fedoroff, S., andVernadakis, A. (eds.), Astrocytes, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Stewart, M. R., andRosenberg, R. N. 1979. Physiology of glia: glial-neuronal interactions. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 21:275–309.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Raiteri, M., Marchi, M., andMaura, G. 1984. Release of catecholamines, serotonin, and acetylcholine from isolated brain tissue. Pages 431–462,in Lajtha, A. (ed.), Handbook of Neurochemistry, 2nd edition, vol 6, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Garthwaite, J., Woodhams, P. L., Collins, M. J., andBalazs, R. 1979. On the preparation of brain slices: morphology and cyclic nucleotides. Brain Res. 173:373–377.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wilkin, G. P., Garthwaite, J., andBalazs, R. 1982. Putative acidic amino acid transmitters in the cerebellum. II. Electron microscopic localization of transport sites. Brain Res. 244:69–80.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Levi, G., andRaiteri, M. 1976. Synaptosomal transport processes. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 19:51–74.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Raiteri, M., andLevi, G. 1978. Release mechanisms for catecholamines and serotonin in synaptosomes. Pages 77–130,in Ehrenpreis, S., andKopin, I. (eds.), Reviews of Neuroscience, vol 3, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Currie, D. N., andDutton, G. R. 1980. [3H]GABA uptake as a marker for cell types in primary cultures of cerebellum and olfactory bulb. Brain Res. 199:473–481.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kingsbury, A. E., Gallo, V., Woodhams, P. L., andBalazs, R. 1985. Survival, morphology and adhesion properties of cerebellar interneurons cultured in chemically defined and serum-supplemented medium. Dev. Brain Res. 17:17–25.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Levi, G., Aloisi, F., Ciotti, M. T., andGallo, V. 1984. Autoradiographic localization and depolarization-induced release of acidic amino acids in differentiating cerebellar granule cell cultures. Brain Res. 290:77–86.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Thangnipon, W., Kingsbury, A. E., Webb, M., andBalazs, R. 1983. Observations on rat cerebellar cells in vitro: influence of substratum, potassium concentration and relationship between neurons and astrocytes. Dev. Brain Res. 11:177–189.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gallo, V., Ciotti, M. T., Coletti, A., Aloisi, F., andLevi, G. 1982. Selective release of glutamate from cerebellar granule cells differentiating in culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 79:7919–7923.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Meier, E., Regan, C. M., andBalazs, R. 1984. Changes in the expression of a neuronal surface protein during development of cerebellar neurons in vivo and in culture. J. Neurochem. 43:1328–1335.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Webb, M. 1983. Cell surface sialoglycoproteins of cultured rat cerebellar interneurons. J. Neurochem. 40:769–776.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Siegel, G. J., Albers, R. W., Agranoff, B. W., andKatzman, R. (eds.), 1981. Basic Neurochemistry. Little, Brown and Company, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Levi, G., Gordon, R. D., Gallo, V., Wilkin, G. P., andBalazs, R. 1982. Putative acidic amino acid transmitters in the cerebellum I. Depolarization-induced release. Brain Res. 239:425–445.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Blaustein, M. P. 1975. Effects of potassium, veratridine and scorpion venom on calcium accumulation and transmitter release by nerve terminals in vitro. J. Physiol. 247:617–655.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Redburn, D., Broome, D., Ferkany, J., andEnna, S. J. 1978. Development of rat brain uptake and calcium-dependent release of GABA. Brain Res. 152:511–519.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sandoval, M. E., andCotman, C. W. 1978. Evaluation of glutamate as a neurotransmitter of cerebellar parallel fibers. Neuroscience 3:199–206.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Levi, G., Gallo, V., Ciotti, M. T., andRaiteri, M. 1979. GABA fluxes in presynaptic nerve endings from immature rats. J. Neurochem. 33:1043–1053.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Benjamin, A. M., andQuastel, J. H. 1972. Location of amino acids in brain slices from the rat. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive release of amino acids. Biochem. J. 128:631–646.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Levi, G., Gallo, V., andRaiteri, M. 1980. A reevaluation of veratridine as a tool for studying the depolarization-induced release of neurotransmitters from nerve endings. Neurochem. Res. 5:281–295.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Neal, M. J., andBowery, N. G. 1979. Differential effects of veratridine and potassium depolarization on neuronal and glial GABA release. Brain Res. 167:337–343.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Cutler, R. W. P., andYoung, J. 1979. The effect of penicillin on the release of γ-aminobutyric acid from cerebral cortex slices. Brain Res. 170:157–163.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Foster, A. C., andRoberts, P. J. 1980. Endogenous amino acid release from rat cerebellum in vitro. J. Neurochem. 35:517–519.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Flint, R. S., Rea, M. A., andMcBride, W. J. 1981. In vitro release of endogenous amino acids from granule cell-, stellate cell-, and climbing fiber-deficient cerebella. J. Neurochem. 37:1425–1430.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Toggenburger, G., Wiklund, L. Henke, H., andCuenod, M. 1983. Release of endogenous and accumulated exogenous amino acids from slices of normal and climbing fibre-deprived rat cerebellar slices. J. Neurochem. 41:1606–1613.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Levi, G., andGallo, V. 1981. Glutamate as a putative transmitter in the cerebellum: stimulation by GABA of glutamic acid release from specific pools. J. Neurochem. 37:22–31.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Raiteri, M., Maura, G., Bonanno, G., andPittalunga, A. 1986. Differential pharmacology, neuronal localization and function of two 5HT1 receptor subtypes in rat cerebellum. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.

  43. Pearce, B. R., andDutton, G. R. 1981. K+-stimulated release of endogenous glutamate, GABA and other amino acids from neuron- and glia-enriched cultures of the rat cerebellum. FEBS Lett. 135:215–218.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Bosley, T. M., Woodhams, P. L., Gordon, R. D., andBalazs, R. 1983. Effects of anoxia on the stimulated release of amino acid neurotransmitters in the cerebellum in vitro. J. Neurochem. 40:189–201.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kingsbury, A., Gallo, V., andBalazs, R. 1985. Stimulus-coupled amino acid release in cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Neurosci. Lett. Supplement 22:S236.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Bradford, H. F., Ward, H. K., andThomas, A. J. 1978. Glutamine—a major substrate for nerve endings. J. Neurochem. 30:1453–1459.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hamberger, A. C., Chiang, G. H., Nylén, E. S., Scheff, S. W., andCotman, C. W. 1979. Glutamate as a CNS transmitter. I. Evaluation of glucose and glutamine as precursors for the synthesis of preferentially released glutamate. Brain Res. 168:513–530.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Watkins, J. C. 1978. Excitatory amino acids. Pages 37–69,in McGeer, E. G., Olney, J. W., andMcGeer, P. L. (eds.), Kainic Acid as a Tool in Neurobiology, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Foster, A. C., andFagg, G. E. 1984. Acidic amino acid binding sites in mammalian neuronal membranes: Their characteristics and relationship to synaptic receptors. Brain Res. Reviews 7:103–164.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Rea, M. A., McBride, W. J., andRohde, B. M. 1980. Regional and synaptosomal levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the 3-acetylpiridine deafferentated cerebellum. J. Neurochem. 34:1106–1108.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Kimura, H., Okamoto, K., andSakai, Y. 1985. Pharmacological evidence forl-aspartate as the neurotransmitter of the cerebellar climbing fibres in the guinea-pig. J. Physiol. 365:103–119.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Balcar, V. J., andJohnston, G. A. R. 1972. The structural specificity of the high affinity uptake ofl-glutamate andl-aspartate by rat brain slices J. Neurochem. 19:2657–2665.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Garthwaite, J., andGarthwaite, G. 1985. Site ofd-[3H]aspartate accumulation in mouse cerebellar slices. Brain Res. 343:129–136.

    Google Scholar 

  54. De Barry, J., Langley, O. K., Vicendon, G., andGombos, G. 1982.l-Glutamate andl-glutamine uptake in adult rat cerebellum: an autoradiographic study. Neuroscience 7:1289–1297.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Aloisi, F., Ciotti, M. T., andLevi, G. 1985. Characterization of GABAergic neurons in cerebellar primary cultures and selective neurotoxic effect of a serum fraction. J. Neurosci. 5:2001–2008.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Levi, G., Wilkin, G. P., Ciotti, M. T., andJohnstone, S. 1983. Enrichment of differentiated stellate astrocytes in cerebellar interneuron cultures as studied by GFAP immunofluorescence and autoradiographic uptake patterns withd-[3H]aspartate and [3H]GABA. Dev. Brain Res. 10:227–241.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Currie, D. N., andKelly, J. S. 1981. Glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate. J. Exp. Biol. 95:181–193.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Daguet, M. C., Di Porzio, U., Prochiantz, A., Kato, A., andGlowinski, J. 1980. Release of dopamine from dissociated mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in primary cultures in absence or presence of striatal target cells. Brain Res. 191:564–568.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Starke, K. 1981. Presynaptic receptors. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 21:7–30.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Langer, S. Z. 1981. Presynaptic regulation of the release of catecholamines. Pharmacol. Rev. 32:337–362.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Gallo, V., Aloisi, F., andLevi, G. 1983. Muscimol potentiation of acidic amino acid release from cerebellar synaptosomes is chloride-dependent. J. Neurochem. 40:939–945.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Aloisi, F., Gallo, V., andLevi, G. 1983. Substrate specificity and developmental aspects of a presynaptic GABA receptor regulating glutamate release in the rat cerebellum. J. Neurosci. Res. 10:142–149.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Dolphin, A. C. 1982. Noradrenergic modulation of glutamate release in the cerebellum. Brain Res. 252:111–116.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Tran, V., andSnyder, S. M. 1979. Amino acid neurotransmitter candidates in the cerebellum: selective effects of kainic acid lesions. Brain Res. 167:345–353.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Rohde, B. H., Rea, M. A., Simon, J. R., andMcBride,W. J. 1979. Effects of X-irradiation induced loss of cerebellar granule cells on the synaptosomal levels and the high affinity uptake of amino acids. J. Neurochem. 32:1431–1435.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Patel, A. J., andBalazs, R. 1975. Effect of X-irradiation on the biochemical maturation of rat cerebellum: metabolism of14C-glucose and14C-acetate. Radiat. Res. 62:456–469.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Hertz, L., Yu, A. C. H., Potter, R. L., Fisher, T. E., andSchousboe, A. 1983. Metabolic fluxes from glutamate and towards glutamate in neurons and astrocytes in primary cultures. Pages 327–342,in Hertz, L., Kvamme, E., McGeer, E. G., andSchousboe, A. (eds.), Glutamine, Glutamate and GABA in the Central Nervous System, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Patel, A. J., Hunt, A., Gordon, R. D., andBalazs, R. 1982. The activities in different neural cell types of certain enzymes associated with the metabolic compartmentation of glutamate. Dev. Brain Res. 4:3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Wilkin, G. P., Levi, G., Johnstone, S., andRiddle, P. N. 1983. Cerebellar astroglial cells in primary culture: expression of different morphological appearances and different ability to take upd-[3H]aspartate and [3H]GABA. Dev. Brain Res. 10:265–277.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Levi, G., Gallo, V. Release studies related to the neurotransmitter role of glutamate in the cerebellum: An overview. Neurochem Res 11, 1627–1642 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00967741

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00967741

Keywords

Navigation