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Neuroendocrine heart and hypothalamus

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Abstract

Data on the endocrine heart—neurosecretory cells of heart, producing coronarydilatory, metabolically active glycopeptides with physico-chemical and biological properties similar to those of previously discovered cardioactive hypothalamic neurohormones—are summarized. Heart hormones participate in both local and distant regulation of heart metabolism and function. Formation and action of these heart hormones is closely related to hypothalamic cardioactive neurohormones K, C, and G and their protein precursors. Neurohormones from heart and hypothalamus comprise a system of neurohumoral connections between these two organs. A possible role of APUD cells in the generation of a number of heart peptides and glycopeptides exerting hormonal activity is discussed.

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Abbreviations

NC:

Neurohormone C

NK:

Neurohormone K

NC-H:

Hypothalamic NC

NK-H:

Hypothalamic NK

PC-NC:

NC cleaved from protein-carrier

PC-NK:

NK cleaved from protein-carrier

BB-NC:

Brain blood NC

BB-NK:

Brain blood NK

H1 :

Substrate 1 from heart

H2 :

Substrate 2 from heart

H3 :

Substrate 3 from heart

HB1 :

Substrate 1 from heart blood

HB2 :

Substrate 2 from heart blood

PC-H1 :

H1 cleaved from protein-carrier

PC-H2 :

H2 cleaved from protein-carrier

PC-H3 :

H3 cleaved from protein-carrier

PC-CC:

Coronaroconstrictory substance cleaved from protein-carrier

GPG:

Gomori-positive granules

MLC:

Mast-like cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemistry, Sevag str. 5/1, 375044, Yerevan, USSR

    Armen Galoyan

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  1. Armen Galoyan
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Galoyan, A. Neuroendocrine heart and hypothalamus. Neurochem Res 11, 769–787 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00965203

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00965203

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