Skip to main content
Log in

The effects of temperature- and oxygen-acclimation on phospholipids of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) brain microsomes

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Neurochemical Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

  1. 1.

    Brain microsome phospholipids and their acyl groups, from temperature and oxygen acclimated goldfish, were investigated.

  2. 2.

    At the lower acclimation temperature (5C) the proportion of ethanolamine- to choline-glycerophosphatides (GPE/GPC) was increased, and the proportion of phosphatidal ethanolamine value decreased.

  3. 3.

    A rise in then-6/n-3 fatty acyl group also occurred in cold acclimation.

  4. 4.

    Irrespective of acclimation temperature, 25°C or 5°C, a partial replacement of GPC by GPE occurred when the concentration of oxygen was increased; conversely the GPE/GPC ratio decreased at the hypoxic level. The plasmalogen GPE content increased as the oxygen concentration was raised.

  5. 5.

    A rise in the n-6/n-3 ratio, for ethanolamine glycerophosphatides and phosphatidyl choline, occured when the oxygen concentration was increased (hypoxia to hyperoxia).

  6. 6.

    It is concluded that the lipid alterations associated with thermal acclimation are, in part, attributable to the concomitant change in oxygen concentration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Johnston, P. V., andRoots, B. I. 1964. Brain lipid fatty acids and temperature acclimation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 11:303–309.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Roots B. I. 1968. Phospholipids of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) brain. The influence of environmental temperature. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 25:457–466.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Selivonchick, D. P., Johnston, P. V., andRoots, B. I. 1977. Acyl and alkenyl group composition of brain subcellular fractions of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) acclimated to different environmental temperatures. Neurochem. Res. 2:379–393.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hazel, J. R. 1979. The influence of thermal acclimation on membrane lipid composition of rainbow trout liver. Am. J. physiol. 236:R91-R101.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Wodtke, E. 1981, Temperature adaptations to biological membranes: The effect of acclimation temperature on the unsaturation of the main neutral and charged phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 640:698–709.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hazel, J. R., andProsser, C. L. 1974. Molecular mechanisms of temperature compensation in poikilotherms. Physiol. Rev. 54:620–677.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Aloia, R. C. 1980. The role of membrane fatty acids in mammalian hibernation. Federation Proceedings 39:2974–2979.

    Google Scholar 

  8. van Deenen, L. L. M., de Gier, J., Houtsmueller, U. T. M., andMulder, E. 1962. Dietary effects on the lipid composition of biomembranes. Pages 404–414,in A. C. Frazer (ed.) Biochemical Problems of Lipids, International Conference on the Biochemistry of Lipids, Birmingham.

  9. Sun, G. Y., andSun, A. Y. 1972. Phospholipids and acyl groups of synaptosomal and myelin membranes isolated from the cerebral cortex of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 280:306–315.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Folch, J., Lees, M., andSloane-Stanley, G. H. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226:497–509.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rouser, G., Kritchevsky G., Siakotos, A. N., andYamamoto, A. 1970. Neuropathology: Methods and Diagnosis Pages 691–753,in C. G. Tedeschi, Little, Brown, Boston Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Schmid, H. H. O., andTakahashi, T. 1968. The alk-l-enyl ether lipids of bovine heart muscle. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 164:141–147.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Eng, L. F., andNoble, E. P. 1968. The maturation of rat brain myelin. Lipids 3(2): 157–162.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Johnston P. V. 1971. Basic lipid methodology. Univ. Illinois Spec. Pub., p. 99.

  15. Roots, B. I., andJohnston, P. V. 1968. Plasmalogens of the nervous system and environmental temperature. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 26:553–560.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Driedzic, Wm., Selivonchick, D. P., andRoots, B. I. 1976. Glycerophosphatide content and composition of trout (Salvelinus fontinalis M.) brain. J. Thermal Biol. 1:7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Selivonchick, D. P., andRoots, B. I. 1976. Variation in myelin lipid composition induced by change in environmental temperature of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). J. Therm. Biol. 1:131–135.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Thomson, A. J., Sargent, J. R., andOwen, J. M. 1977. Influence of acclimatization temperature and salinity of (Na+ & K+)-dependent adenosine triphosphosphate and fatty acid composition in the gills of the eel (Anguilla anguilla) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 56B:223–228.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wodtke, E. 1978. Lipid adaptation in liver mitochondrial membranes of carp acclimated to different environmental temperatures. Phospholipid composition, fatty acid pattern, and cholesterol content. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 529:280–291.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hazel, J. R., andSellner, P. A. 1982. Time course of changes in fatty acid composition of gills and liver from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during thermal acclimation. J Exp. Zool. 221:159–168.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Campbell, J. A. 1937. Oxygen poisoning and the thyroid gland. J. Physiol. 90:91P-92P.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Gerschman, R. 1964. Biological effects of oxygen Pages 475–494, Oxygen in the Animal Organism,in (F. Dickens andE. Neils (eds.), Session E. Pergamon Press, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hoar, W. S. 1975. Comparative Physiology 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  24. D'Aoust, B. G. 1969. Hyerbaric oxygen: Toxicity to fish at pressures present in their swimbladders. Science 163:576–578.

    Google Scholar 

  25. van den Thillart, G., Kesbeke, F., andvan Waarde, A. 1980. Anaerobic energy metabolism of goldfish,Carassius auratus (L.). Influence of hypoxia and anoxia on phosphorylated compounds and glycogen. J. Comp. Physiol. 136:45–52.

    Google Scholar 

  26. van den Thillart, G., andKesbeke, F. 1978. Anaerobic production of carbon dioxide and ammonia by goldfish,Carassius auratus, (L.) J. Comp. Physiol. 59A:393–400.

    Google Scholar 

  27. van den Thillart, G., van Waarde, A., Dobbe, F., andKesbeke, F. 1982. Anaerobic enzyme metabolism of goldfish,Carassius auratus (L.). J. Comp. Physiol. 146B:41–49.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cadwell, R. S., andVernberg, J. F. 1970. The influence of acclimation temperature on the lipid composition of fish gill mitochondria. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 34:179–191.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chapelle, S., Meister, R., Brichon, G., andZwingelstein, G. 1977. Influence of temperature on the phospholipid metabolism of various tissues from crab,Carcinus maenas. Biochem. Physiol. 58B:413–417.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Miller, N. G. A., Hi, M. W., andSmith, M. W. 1976. Positional and specie analysis of membrane phospholipids extracted from goldfish adapted to different environmental temperatures. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 455:644–654.

    Google Scholar 

  31. van den Thillart, G., andde Bruin, G. 1981. Influence of environmental temperature on mitochondrial membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 640:439–447.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Chapman, D. andWallach, D. F. H. 1968. Recent physical studies of phospholipids and natural membranes. Pages 125–202,in D. Chapman (ed.) Biological Membranes vol. 4, Academic Press, N. Y.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Boggs, J. M. 1980. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between lipids: Influence on organization and function of lipids in membranes. Can. J. Biochem. 58:755–770.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Plattner, W. S., Steffen, D. G., Tempel, G., andMusacchia, X. J. 1976. Mitochondrial membrane fatty acids of liver and heart of the eurthermic and hibernating ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus). Comp. Biochem Physiol. 53A:279–283.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Aloia, R. C., andPengelley, E. T. 1979. Lipids, membranes and hibernation. Pages 1–47, Chemical Zoologyin (M. Florkin andB. Scheer (eds.) vol. 11, Academic Press, N. Y.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Aloia, R. C. 1979. Brain lipid composition of the hibernating and active ground squirrel,Citellus lateralis. J. Thermal Biol. 4:223–231.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Evans, R. W., Weaver, D. E., andClegg, E. D. 1980. Diacyl, alkenyl, and alkyl ether phospholipids in ejaculated, in utero-, and in vitro-incubated porcine spermatozoa. J. Lipid Research 21:223–228.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hartree, E. F., andMann, T. 1960. Crystalline lysoplasmalogen (lysophosphatidal choline): Preparation from heart muscle and action on erythrocytes and spermatozoa. Biochem. J. 75:251–258.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Horrocks, L. A. 1972. Content, composition and metabolism of mammalian and avian lipids that contain ether groups. Pages 177–272,in F. Snyder (ed.), Ether Lipids, Academic Press, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Lovern, J. A., Olley, J., Hartree, E. F. andMann, T. 1957. Lipids in ram spermatozoa. Biochem. J. 67:630–643.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Pollock, R. J., Hajara, A. K., andAgranoff, B. W. 1975. Relative utilization of the acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerol phosphate pathways for the synthesis of glycerolipids in various tumors and normal tissue. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 380:421–435.

    Google Scholar 

  42. D'Amato, R. A., Horrocks, L. A., andRichardson, K. E. 1975. Kinetic properties of plasmalogenase from bovine brain. J. Neurochem. 24:1251–1255.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Woelk, H., andPorcellati, G. 1973. Phospholipase A1 and A2 activities of neuronal and glial cells of the rabbit brain. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 354:729–736.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Marinetti, G. V., Erbland, J., andStotz, E. 1959. Hydrolysis of lecithins by snake venom phospholipase A. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 33:403–414.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Paltauf, F., Hauser, H., andPhillips, M. C. 1971. Monolayer characteristics of some 1,2-diacyl, 1-alkyl-2-acyl and 1,2-dialkyl phospholipids at the air-water interface. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 249:539–547.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Rehncrona, S., Smith, D. S., Akesson, B., Westerberg, E., andSiesjo, B. K. 1980. Peroxidative changes in brain cortical fatty acids and phospholipids, as characterized during Fe2+− and ascrobic acid-stimulated lipid peroxidation in vitro. J. Neurochem. 34:1630–1638.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Gardiner, M., Nilsson, B., andSiesjo, B. K. 1981. Free fatty acids in the rat brain in the moderate and severe hypoxia. J. Neurochem. 36(4):1500–1505.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Fleischer, S., Brierley, G., Klouwen, H., andSlautterback, D. B. 1972. Studies of electron transport system XLVII. The role of phospholipids in electron transfer. J. Biol. Chem. 237:3264–3272.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Rothfield, L., andFinkelstein, A. 1968. Membrane Biochemistry. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 37:463–497.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hazel, J. 1972. The effect of temperature acclimation upon succinic dehydrogenase activity from the epaxial muscle of the common goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)-II. Lipid reactivation of the soluble enzyme. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 43B:863–882.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Howell, B. J., Baumgardner, F. W., Bondi, K., andRahn, H. 1970. Acid-base balance in cold-blooded vertebrates as a function of body temperature. Am. J. Physiol. 218:600–606.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Reeves, R. B., andWilson, T. L. 1969. Intracellular pH in bullfrog striated and cardiac muscle as a function in body temperature. Fed. Proc. 28:872.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hochachka, P. W., andSomero, G. N. 1971. Biochemical adaptation to the environment. Pages 99–153,in W. S. Hoar andJ. D. Randall, (ed.), Fish Physiology VI. Academic Press, N. Y.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chang, M.C.J., Roots, B.I. The effects of temperature- and oxygen-acclimation on phospholipids of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) brain microsomes. Neurochem Res 10, 355–375 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00964605

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00964605

Keywords

Navigation