Abstract
Exudate was collected fromRicinus communis L. cotyledons after cutting the hypocotyl. It contained high levels of sucrose and potassium, a low level of calcium, and a pH of approx. 7.5. After application of [14C] sucrose to the cotyledons, radioactivity could be recovered from the exudate, indicating that the exudate was derived from the phloem. Using data from a number of individual seedlings, correlations between loading rates of sucrose, translocation rates, and sucrose and potassium contents were analyzed. A positive correlation was found between the rate of sucrose loading and the rate of sucrose exudation, whereas a negative correlation existed between the contents of sucrose and potassium in the phloem.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker, D.A. (1983) Uptake of cations and their transport within the plant. In: Metals and micro nutrients. Uptake and utilization by plants, pp. 3–19, Robb, D.A., Pierpoint, W.S., eds. Academic Press, London New York
Eschrich, W., Kating, H. (1964) Aufnahme, Einbau und Transport von14C inCucurbita ficifolia. I. Applikation von Bicarbonat-14C an oberirdischen Pflanzenorgane. Planta60, 523–539
Goeschl, J.D., Magnuson, C.E. (1986) Physiological implications of the Münch-Horwitz theory of phloem transport: effects of loading rates. Plant Cell Environ.9, 95–102
Hall, S.M., Baker, D.A. (1972) The chemical composition ofRicinus phloem exudate. Planta106, 131–140
Hoad, G.V., Peel, A.J. (1965) Studies on the movement of solutes between sieve tubes and surrounding tissues in willow. J. Exp. Bot.16, 433–451
Hocking, P.J. (1980) The composition of phloem exudate and xylem sap from tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca Grah.). Ann. Bot.45, 633–643
Hocking, P.J., Pate, J.S., Atkins, C.A., Sharkey, P.J. (1978) Diurnal patterns of transport and accumulation of minerals in fruiting plants ofLupinus angustifolius L. Ann. Bot.42, 1277–1290
Hutchings, V. (1978) Sucrose and proton cotransport inRicinus cotyledons I. H+ influx associated with sucrose uptake. Planta138, 229–235
Kawabe, S., Fukumorita, T., Chino, M. (1980) Collection of rice phloem sap from stylets of homopterous insects severed by YAG laser. Plant Cell Physiol.21, 1319–1327
Kennedy, J.S., Mittler, T.E. (1953) A method for obtaining phloem sap via the mouth-parts of aphids. Nature171, 528
King, R.W., Zeevaart, J.A.D. (1974) Enhancement of phloem exudation from cut petioles by chelating agents. Plant Physiol.53, 96–103
Komor, E. (1977) Sucrose uptake by cotyledons ofRicinus communis L.: characteristics, mechanism, and regulation. Planta137, 119–131
Kriedemann, P., Beevers, H. (1967) Sugar uptake and translocation in the castor bean seedling I. Characteristics of transfer in intact and excised seedlings. Plant Physiol.42, 161–173
Lang, A. (1983) Turgor-regulated translocation. Plant Cell Environ.6, 683–689
Magnuson, C.E., Goeschl, J.D., Fares, Y. (1986) Experimental tests of the Münch-Horwitz theory of phloem transport: effects of loading rates. Plant Cell Environ.9, 103–109
Milburn, J.A. (1970) Phloem exudation from castor bean: induction by massage. Planta95, 272–276
Moose, C.A. (1938) Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of phloem exudate and parenchyma sap from several species of plants. Plant Physiol.13, 365–380
Pate, J.S., Sharkey, P.J., Lewis, O.A.M. (1974) Phloem bleeding from legume fruits — a technique for study of fruit nutrition. Planta120, 229–243
Robinson, S.P., Beevers, H. (1981) Amino acid transport in germinating castor bean seedlings. Plant Physiol.68, 560–566
Smith, J.A.C., Milburn, J.A. (1980) Osmoregulation and the control of phloem-sap composition inRicinus communis L. Planta148, 28–34
Tammes, P.M.L., van Die, J. (1964) Studies on phloem exudation fromYucca flaccida Haw. Acta Bot. Neerl.13, 76–83
Tyree, M.T., Christy, A.L., Ferrier, J.M. (1974) A simple iterative steady state solution of Münch pressure-flow systems applied to long and short translocation paths. Plant Physiol.54, 589–560
Vreugdenhil, D. (1983) Abscisic acid inhibits phloem loading of sucrose. Physiol. Plant.57, 463–467
Ziegler, H. (1975) Nature of transported substances. In: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, N.S., vol. 1: Transport in plants I. Phloem transport, pp. 59–100, Zimmermann, M.H., Milburn, J.A., eds. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vreugdenhil, D., Koot-Gronsveld, A.M. Characterization of phloem exudation from castor-bean cotyledons. Planta 174, 380–384 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00959524
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00959524