Summary
Dopamine in urine was investigated during three levels of physical stress (at 35%, 50%, and 75%\(\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} {\text{max}}}\)) and three kinds of mental stress (delayed auditory feedback, vigilance task and arithmetic task). A statistically significant increase in excretion of dopamine was found in response to physical exercise and the delayed auditory feedback test. The response patterns (ratios noradrenaline/dopamine and adrenaline/doparnine) after physical and mental stress differed. The data presented support the possibility of using dopamine excretion and the above ratios to differentiate between mental and physical effort.
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Fibiger, W., Singer, G. Urinary dopamine in physical and mental effort. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 52, 437–440 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00943376
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00943376