Abstract
Most mainland New Zealand species ofGentiana are protandrous as are manyGentianaceae elsewhere in the world. Selfing has evolved in some species confined to areas where pollinator availability is limited by weather, for example, inG. lineata. InG. chathamica, endemic to the Chatham Islands, dichogamy has been lost without the evolution of selfing; instead the flowers are approach herkogamous. It is suggested that as herkogamous blossoms can both receive and dispatch pollen during a single insect visit, whereas dichogamous systems usually require two visits, such a system may have evolved inG. chathamica to maintain outcrossing in an area where prospects for insect pollination are poor.
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Webb, C.J., Pearson, P.E. The evolution of approach herkogamy from protandry in New ZealandGentiana (Gentianaceae). Pl Syst Evol 186, 187–191 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00940797
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00940797