Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in
Menu
Find a journal Publish with us
Search
Cart
  1. Home
  2. Parasitology Research
  3. Article
Detection ofTheileria parva in the salivary glands ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus: evaluation of staining methods
Download PDF
Download PDF
  • Original Paper
  • Published: January 1995

Detection ofTheileria parva in the salivary glands ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus: evaluation of staining methods

  • W. P. Voigt1 nAff2,
  • S. N. Mwaura1,
  • G. M. Njihia1,
  • S. G. Nyaga1 &
  • …
  • A. S. Young1 

Parasitology Research volume 81, pages 74–81 (1995)Cite this article

  • 193 Accesses

  • 7 Citations

  • Metrics details

Abstract

A comparison of ten methods for staining tick salivary glands for detection ofTheileria parva infection from ticks fed on rabbits for various periods was undertaken. Staining with azure without hydrochloric acid hydrolysis was found to be the most reliable method for detection of the presporozoite stages (sporoblasts) ofT. parva in the salivary gland acini of unfedRhipicephalus appendiculatus and could be applied to field ticks. All the stains proved suitable for the detection and quantitation of sporozoites in ticks fed for 4 days on rabbits. The capacity of the stains to allow detection of early stages ofT. parva differed, but it became more reliable during tick feeding as sporoblasts developed and matured. Giemsa's stain and Feulgen's stain followed by superimposition of Giemsa's stain were superior to other stains for the detection and quantitation of immature salivary gland stages in feeding ticks.

Download to read the full article text

Working on a manuscript?

Avoid the common mistakes

References

  • Bailey KP (1960) Notes on the rearing ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus and their infection withTheileria parva for experimental transmission. Bull Epizoot Dis Afr 8:33–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop R, Sohanpal B, Kariuki DP, Young AS, Nene V, Baylis H, Allsopp BA, Spooner PR, Dolan TT, Morzaria SP (1992) Detection of a carrier state inTheileria parva infected cattle using polymerase chain reaction. Parasitology 102:347–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop RP, Sohanpal B, Morzaria SP, Dolan TT, Mwakima FN, Young AS (1994) Discrimination betweenTheileria parva andT. taurotragi in the salivary glands ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks using oligonucleotides homologous to ribosomal RNA sequences. Parasitol Res 80:259–261

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blewett DA, Branagan D (1973) The demonstration ofTheileria parva infection in intactRhipicephalus appendiculatus salivary glands. Trop Anim Health Prod 5:27–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Brocklesby DW, Barnett SF, Scott GR (1961) Morbidity and mortality rates of East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) and their application to drug screening procedures. Br Vet J 117:529–531

    Google Scholar 

  • Büscher G, Otim B (1986) Quantitative studies onTheileria parva in the salivary glands ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus adults: quantitation and prediction of infection. Int J Parasitol 16:93–100

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Büscher G, Tangus J (1986) Quantitative studies onTheileria parva in the salivary glands ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus adults: search for conditions for high infection. Int J Parasitol 16:121–129

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen PP, Conrad PA, Ole-Moiyoi OK, Brown WC, Dolan TT (1990) DNA probes detectTheileria parva in the salivary gland ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. Parasitol Res 77:590–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowdry EV, Ham AW (1932) Studies on East Coast fever. The life cycle of the parasite in the tick. Parasitology 2:1–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolan TT, Young AS, Losos GJ, McMillan I, Minder CE, Soulsby K (1984) Dose dependent responses of cattle toTheileria parva stabilate infection. Int J Parasitol 14:89–95

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fawcett DW, Doxsey S, Büscher G (1982) Salivary gland of the tick vector of East Coast fever. III. Ultrastructure of sporogony inTheileria parva. Tissue Cell 14:183–206

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fawcett DW, Young AS, Leitch BL (1985) Sporogony inTheileria (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida). A comparative ultrastructural study. J Submicrosc Cytol 17:299–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Goddeeris BH, Katende JM, Irvin AD, Chumo RSC (1982) Indirect fluorescent antibody test for experimental and epidemiological studies on East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection in cattle): evaluation of a cell culture schizont antigen fixed and stored in suspension. Res Vet Sci 33:360–365

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Irvin AD, Boarer CDH, Dobbelaere DAE, Mahan SM, Masake R, Ocama JGR (1981) MonitoringTheileria parva infection in adultRhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. Parasitology 82:137–147

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kok JB de, D'Oliveira C, Jongejan F (1993) Detection of the protozoan parasiteTheileria annulata inHyalomma ticks by the polymerase chain reaction. Exp Appl Acarol 17:839–846

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lessard P, L'Eplattenier R, Norval RAI, Kundert K, Dolan TT, Croze H, Walker JP, Irvin AD, Perry BD (1990) Geographical information systems for studying the epidemiology of cattle diseases caused byTheileria parva. Vet Rec 126:255–262

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin HM, Barnett SF, Vidler BO (1964) Cyclic development and longevity ofTheileria parva in the tickRhipicephalus appendiculatus. Exp Parasitol 15:527–555

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medley GF, Perry BD, Young AS (1993) Preliminary analysis of transmission dynamics ofTheileria parva in eastern Africa. Parasitology 106:251–264

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Musoke A, Morzaria S, Nkonge C, Jones E, Nene V (1992) A recombinant sporozoite surface antigen ofTheileria parva induces protection in cattle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:514–518

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pearse AGE (1985) Histochemistry: theoretical and applied, vol II, 4th edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Purnell RE, Joyner LP (1968) The development ofTheileria parva in the salivary glands of the tickRhipicephalus appendiculatus. Parasitology 58:725–732

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steel RGD, Torrie JH (1980) Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometrical approach, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker AR, McKellar SB, Bell LJ, Brown CGD (1979) Rapid quantitative assessment ofTheileria infection in ticks. Trop Anim Health Prod 11:21–26

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker AR, Young AS, Leitch BL (1981) Assessment ofTheileria infections inRhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks collected in the field. Z Parasitenkd 65:63–69

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young AS, Leitch BL (1981) Epidemiology of East Coast fever: some effects of temperature on the development ofTheileria parva in the tick vectorRhipicephalus appendiculatus. Parasitology 83:199–211

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young AS, Newson RM (1973) An improved method of handling ticks collected in the field. Res Vet Sci 15:133–135

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young AS, Grootenhuis JG, Leitch BL, Schein E (1980) The development ofTheileria=Cytauxzoon taurotragi (Martin and Brocklesby 1960) from eland in its tick vectorRhipicephalus appendiculatus. Parasitology 81:129–144

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young AS, Leitch BL, Stagg DA, Dolan TT (1983) Identification ofTheileria infections in living salivary glands of ticks. Parasitology 86:519–528

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. W. P. Voigt

    Present address: Institut für Veterinärmedizin des Bundesgesundheitsamts, Postfach 330013, 1000, Berlin 33, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya

    W. P. Voigt, S. N. Mwaura, G. M. Njihia, S. G. Nyaga & A. S. Young

Authors
  1. W. P. Voigt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. N. Mwaura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. M. Njihia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. G. Nyaga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. S. Young
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Voigt, W.P., Mwaura, S.N., Njihia, G.M. et al. Detection ofTheileria parva in the salivary glands ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus: evaluation of staining methods. Parasitol Res 81, 74–81 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00932420

Download citation

  • Received: 15 April 1994

  • Accepted: 15 July 1994

  • Issue Date: January 1995

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00932420

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Keywords

  • Hydrochloric Acid
  • Salivary Gland
  • Acid Hydrolysis
  • Reliable Method
  • Staining Method
Download PDF

Working on a manuscript?

Avoid the common mistakes

Advertisement

Search

Navigation

  • Find a journal
  • Publish with us

Discover content

  • Journals A-Z
  • Books A-Z

Publish with us

  • Publish your research
  • Open access publishing

Products and services

  • Our products
  • Librarians
  • Societies
  • Partners and advertisers

Our imprints

  • Springer
  • Nature Portfolio
  • BMC
  • Palgrave Macmillan
  • Apress
  • Your US state privacy rights
  • Accessibility statement
  • Terms and conditions
  • Privacy policy
  • Help and support

65.108.231.39

Not affiliated

Springer Nature

© 2023 Springer Nature