Abstract
Extra-mare basalts occupy 8.5% of the lunar basalt area and comprise 1% of the total mare basalt volume. They are preferentially located where the crust is thin and topographically low. In terms of age, eruption style, and composition they are as variable as the mare basalts. In some instances extrusion in extra-mare craters was preceded by floor-fracturing whereas in other cases it apparently was not. The volume of lava erupted may have been controlled more by the volume of magma produced than by hydrostatic effects. A minimum of nearly 1300 separate basalt eruptions, is indicated; the true value could be nearer 30 000 separate eruptions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Adler, I., Trombka, J. I., Yin, L. O., Gorenstein, P., Bjorkholm, P., and Gerard, J.: 1973,Naturwissenschaften 60, 231–242.
Beals, C. S. and Tanner, R. W.: 1975,The Moon 12, 63–90.
Bielefeld, M. J.: 1977,Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 8th, 1131–1147.
Bills, B. G. and Ferrari, A. J.: 1975,Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 6th, Frontispiece.
Bills, B. G. and Ferrari, A. J.: 1977,J. Geophys. Res. 82, 1306–1314.
Davies, P. A.: 1980,J Geophys. Res. 85, 3209–3224.
De Hon R. A.: 1975,Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 6th, 2553–2561.
Dvorak, J. and Phillips, R. J.: 1978,Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 9th, 3651–3668.
Gaddis, L. R. and Head, J. W.: 1981,Lunar Planet. Sci. XII, 321–323.
Haines, E. L., Etchegaray-Ramirez, M. I., and Metzger, A. E.: 1978,Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 9th, 2985–3013.
Hall, J. L., Solomon, S. C., and Head, J. W.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res. 86, 1935–1952.
Hawke, B. R., McCord, T. B., and Head, J. W.: 1980,Reports of Planetary Geology Program-1980, NASA TM-82385, 512–514.
Head, J. W.: 1975,Origins of Mare Basalts, 66–69.
Head, J. W. and Gifford, A.: 1980,The Moon and Planets 22, 235–258.
Head, J. W. and McCord, T. B.: 1978,Science 199, 1433–1436.
Head, J. W. and Wilson, L.: 1979,Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 10th, 2861–2897.
Head, J. W. and Wilson, L.: 1981,Lunar Planet Sci. XII, 427–429.
Hulme, G.: 1973,Modern Geology 4, 107–117.
Johnson, T. V., Saunders, R. S., Matson, D. L., and Mosher, J. A.: 1977,Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 8th, 1029–1036.
Lucchitta, B. K.: 1978,U. S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Inv. Ser. Map I-1062.
McCord, T. B., Pieters, C., and Feierberg, M. A.: 1976,Icarus 29, 1–34.
Metzger, A. E. and Parker, R. E.: 1979,Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 45, 155–171.
Metzger, A. E., Haines, E. L., Parker, R. E., and Radocinski, R. G.: 1977,Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 8th, 949–999.
Metzger, A. E., Haines, E. L., Etchegaray-Ramirez, M. I., and Hawke, B. R.: 1979,Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 10th, 1701–1718.
Murray, J. B.: 1971, in G. Fielder (ed.),Geology and Physics of the Moon, Elsevier, N.Y. 27–39.
Orphal, D. L.: 1979,Lunar Planet. Sci. X, 949–951.
Pieters, C. M.: 1978,Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 9th, 2825–2849.
Schultz, P. H.: 1976,The Moon 15, 241–273.
Schultz, P. H. and Spudis, P. D.: 1979,Proc. Lunar Planet Sci. Conf. 10th 2899–2918.
Scott, D. H., Diaz, J. M., and Watkins, J. A.: 1977a,Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 8th, 1119–1130.
Scott, D. H., McCauley, J. F., and West, M. N.: 1977b,U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Inv. Ser Map I-1034.
Solomon, S. C. and Head, J. W.: 1980,Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 18, 107–141.
Spudis, P. D.: 1979,Conf. Lunar Highlands Crust, 157–159.
Stuart-Alexander, D. E.: 1978,U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Inv. Ser. Map I-1047.
Wanke, H., Palme, H., Baddenhausen, H., Dreibus, G., Jagoutz, E., Kruse, H., Palme, C., Spettel, B., Teschke, F., and Thacker, R.: 1975,Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 6th, 1313–1340.
Whitford-Stark, J. L.: 1974,Nature 248, 573–574.
Whitford-Stark, J. L.: 1979,Proc. Lunar Planet Sci. Conf. 10th, 2975–2994.
Whitford-Stark, J. L.: 1980a, Ph.D. Thesis, Brown University, Unpublished.
Whitford-Stark, J. L.: 1980,J. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 90, 312–345.
Whitford-Stard, J. L. and Head, J. W.: 1977,Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 8th, 2705–2724.
Whitford-Stark, J. L. and Head, J. W.: 1980,J. Geophys. Res. 85, 6579–6609.
Wilhelms, D. E.: 1980,Conf. on Multi-ring Basins, 115–117.
Wilhelms, D. E. and El-Baz, F.: 1977,U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Inv. Ser. Map I-948.
Wilhelms, D. E. and McCauley, J. F.: 1971,U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Inv. Ser. Map I-703.
Wilhelms, D. E., Howard, K. A., and Wilshire, H. G.: 1979,U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Inv. Ser Map I-1162.
Wilson, L. and Head, J. W.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res. 86, 2971–3001.
Wood, C. A.: 1978,Lunar Planet. Sci. IX, 1264–1266.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Whitford-Stark, J.L. A preliminary analysis of lunar extra-mare basalts: Distribution, compositions, ages, volumes, and eruption styles. The Moon and the Planets 26, 323–338 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00928015
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00928015