Summary
The bathocromic shift observed in the ultraviolet spectra of sym-trimethyl derivatives of benzene, pyridine, pyridinium, and pyrylium is caused in equal measure by the heterocycle and by the substituents.
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Balaban, A.T., Nenitzescu, C.D. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of pyrylium perchlorate. Russ Chem Bull 9, 1918–1919 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00907764
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00907764