Summary
Selection for high and low amounts of white (albino) areas in the coats of female mice, heterozygous forCattanach's X-autosome translocation and variegating foralbino, was carried out over eight generations. A response was obtained in the high line only where the mean amount of white rose from the 30% level of the base population to approximately 50%. It was concluded from these results that X-inactivation is a random process, that associated autosomal loci may not always become inactivated when the X is inactivated, and that the frequency of inactivation of these autosomal loci is under genetic control. The influence of these conclusions on the current ideas on the inactivation process are discussed in the light of the genetical and cytological knowledge of the translocation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker, W. K., andJ. B. Spofford: Heterochromatic control of position-effect variegation in drosophila, edit. byMarshall R. Wheeler. Biological contributions. Univ. Texas Publ.5914, 135 (1959).
Beutler, E., andM. C. Baluda: The separation of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenasedeficient erythrocytes from the blood of heterozygotes for glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency. Lancet1964 I, 189.
—,M. Yeh, andV. F. Fairbanks: The normal human female as a mosaic of X-chromosome activity: studies using the gene for glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency as a marker. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)48, 9 (1962).
Brosseau, G. E.: Evidence that heterochromatin does not suppress V-type position effect. Genetics50, 237 (1964).
Cattanach, B. M.: XXY mice. Genet. Res.2, 156 (1961a).
—: A chemically-induced variegated-type position effect in the mouse. Z. Vererbungsl.92, 165 (1961b).
—: The inactive-X hypothesis and position effects in the mouse. Genetics48, 884 (1963).
Davidson, R. G., H. M. Nitowsky, andB. Childs: Demonstration of two populations of cells in the human female heterozygou sfor glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase variants. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)50, 481 (1963).
Dickie, M. M.: The tortoiseshell house mouse. J. Hered.45, 158 (1954).
Evans, H. J., C. E. Ford, M. F. Lyon, andJ. Gray: DNA replication and genetic expression in female mice with morphologically distinguishable X chromosomes. Nature (Lond.)206, 900 (1965).
Falconer, D. S.: Total sex-linkage in the house mouse. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre85, 210 (1953).
Frazer, A. S., S. Sobey, andC. C. Spicer: Mottled, a sex-linked lethal in the mouse. J. Genet.51, 217 (1953).
Grumbach, M. M.: Session I. Discussion p. 62–67 in Second Internat. Conf. on congenital Malformations. Internat. Med. Congr. Ltd., New York 1964.
Gruneberg, H.: The genetics of the mouse. Hague: Martinus Nijhoff 1952.
Jacobs, P. A., M. Brunton, W. M. Court Brown, R. Doll, andH. Goldstein: Change of human chromosome count distributions with age: evidence for a sex-difference. Nature (Lond.)197, 1080 (1963).
—,W. M. Court Brown, andR. Doll: Distribution of human chromosome counts in relation to age. Nature (Lond.)191, 1178 (1961).
Lewis, E. B.: The phenomenon of position effect. Advances in genetics III, edit. byM. Demerec, p. 73. New York: Academic Press Inc. 1950.
Lyon, M. F.: Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L.). Nature (Lond.)190, 372 (1961).
—: Attempts to test the inactive-X theory of dosage compensation in mammals. Genet. Res.4, 93 (1963).
—: Session I. Discussion p. 67–68 in Second Internat. Conf. on Congenital Malformations. Internat. Med. Congr. Ltd., New York 1964.
—,A. G. Searle, C. E. Ford, andS. Ohno: A mouse translocation suppressing sex-linked variegation. Cytogenetics3, 306 (1964).
McKusick, V. A.: On the X chromosome of man. Quart. Rev. Biol.37, 69 (1962).
Muldal, S., C. W. Gilbert, L. G. Lajtha, J. Lindsten, J. Rowley, andM. Fraccaro: Tritiated thymidine incorporation in an iso-chromosome for the long arm of the X chromosome in man. Lancet1963 I, 861.
Ohno, S., andB. M. Cattanach: Cytological study of an X-autosome translocation inMus musculus. Cytogenetics1, 129 (1962).
—, andM. F. Lyon: Cytological study of Searle's X-autosome translocation inMus musculus. Chromosoma (Berl.)16, 90 (1965).
Phillips, R. J. S.: “Dappled”, a new allele at the mottled locus in the house mouse. Genet. Res.2, 290 (1961).
Rowley, J., S. Muldal, J. Lindsten, andC. W. Gilbert: H3-thymidine uptake by a ring-X chromosome in a human female. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)51, 779 (1964).
Russell, L. B.: Mammalian X-chromosome action: inactivation limited in spread and in region of origin. Science140, 976 (1963).
—: Another look at the single-active-X hypothesis. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci., Ser. II,26, 726 (1964).
—, andJ. W. Bangham: Variegated-type position effects in the mouse. Genetics46, 509 (1961).
——, andC. L. Saylors: Delimitation of chromosomal regions involved in V-type position effects from X-autosome translocations in the mouse. Genetics47, 981 (1962).
Searle, A. G.: Is sex-linked Tabby really recessive in the mouse? Heredity17, 297 (1962).
Thuline, H. C., andD. E. Norby: Spontaneous occurrence of chromosome abnormality in cats. Science134, 554 (1961).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
With 2 Figures in the Text
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cattanach, B.M., Isaacson, J.H. Genetic control over the inactivation of autosomal genes attached to the X-chromosome. Zeitschrift für Vererbungslehre 96, 313–323 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00895048
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00895048