Abstract
The ground-based direction finding carried out at Ceduna, Australia (L=1.93) has yielded the structure for mid-latitude whistlers and their duct ionospheric transmission mechanism. It is found that the ducts tend to take place (or be formed) at the same latitudes and that such sheet-shaped duct includes some inhomogeneities within it which act as field-aligned ducts.
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Takahashi, O., Ohta, K. & Hayakawa, M. On the structure of ducts for mid-latitude whistlers and their ionospheric transmission as deduced from the ground-based direction finding. PAGEOPH 140, 519–535 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876969
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876969