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Principal component analysis of Belgian rainfall

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Summary

A principal component analysis is applied to the monthly normals of the daily intensity of rainfall at the stations of the Belgian rainfall network. Four principal components are found to be significant, explaining 99.8% of the total variance. Their climatic significance is to be found respectively in: (1) the general atmospheric circulation, (2) the air mass instability in summer, (3) the neighbourhood of the sea, (4) the mean pressure gradient. At the computational level, it is also shown how to operate with a large correlation matrix and a small number of observations.

Zusammenfassung

In vorliegender Arbeit werden die Monatsmittel der Tagesniederschlagsmengen der Stationen des belgischen Niederschlags einer Hauptkomponenten-Analyse unterzogen. Hierbei erweisen sich vier Komponenten als signifikant, die 99.8% der gesamten Varianz erklären. Klimatische Signifikanz wiesen auf:

  1. (1)

    die allgemeine atmosphärische Zirkulation,

  2. (2)

    die Labilität der Luftmassen im Sommer,

  3. (3)

    die Meeresnähe und

  4. (4)

    der durchschnittliche Luftdruckgradient.

Auf der Ebene der Datenverarbeitung wird gezeigt, wie die Methode auf eine große Korrelationsmatrix bei geringer Anzahl von Beobachtungen angewandt werden kann.

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Sneyers, R., Vandiepenbeeck, M. & Vanlierde, R. Principal component analysis of Belgian rainfall. Theor Appl Climatol 39, 199–204 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00867948

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00867948

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