Summary
A single layer (Penman-Monteith) and a two layer (modified Shuttleworth-Wallace) evapotranspiration (ET) model are used alternatively to derive conductances related to the dominant fluxes of water vapor from a semi-closed Scots pine plantation. The derivations are based on micrometeorological measurements of above canopy energy flux densities and a simple resistance network. For a period of consecutive fine weather days, below canopy net radiation and below canopy ET were about 20 percent of the corresponding above canopy values. Resulting conductances for latent heat flux agreed well with porometric measurements of pines and understory scaled to canopy level. The shift from single to two layer modelling reduced the canopy conductance to pine conductance by the fraction of understory ET.
However, characteristics of porometer results and micrometeorologically derived conductances were quite different: The porometer estimates of conductance were highly variable due to stomatal response to local environmental conditions or “natural” variability within the tree canopy and vegetation patches which characterized the forest understory. Micrometeorologically derived conductances integrate spatially resulting in relatively smooth and repetitive daily patterns that lack the information of small scale variability. This is seen as a favorable feature of micrometeorological derived conductances when used for the parameterization of atmospheric models for climate research as long as small scale bio-diversity is irrelevant.
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Bernhofer, C., Blanford, J.H., Siegwolf, R. et al. Applying single and two layer canopy models to derive conductances of a Scots pine plantation from micrometeorological measurements. Theor Appl Climatol 53, 95–104 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00866414
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00866414