Skip to main content
Log in

Some results in studies of meteorological reagents

  • Published:
Theoretical and Applied Climatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The Yugoslavian hail-suppression system uses rockets with 0.4 kg of a pyrotechnical mixture which produces an AgI based aerosol by the process of burning. The activity of thus obtained aerosol is measured in several type cold chambers.

Presented results were obtained at the Hydrometeorological Institute of Croatia (HIC), Zagreb, for the pyrotechnical mixtures R-32 (used from 1981 to 1988), VTG-8 (1986–1988), MKM-10 (used in 1989) and AJ (it will be used in year 1989).

The activity of aerosol depends on several parameters, e.g. the type of burning and streaming, meteorological conditions and the time the aerosol remains in the cloud. Furthermore, the activity depends on the technological production process of the pyro-technical mixtures.

The pyro-technical mixtures MKM-10 and AJ proved to be more active than the R-32 and VTG-8 in the interval from the threshold to −10°C, i.e. in the “warm” cloud area.

Zusammenfassung

Das jugoslawische Hagelabwehrsystem verwendet Raketen mit 0.4 kg eines pyrotechnischen Präparats, das bei Verbrennung Aerosole auf AgJ-Basis freisetzt. Die Wirkung dieser Aerosole wird in unterschiedlichen Typen kalter Nebelkammern gemessen. Die im Hydrometeorologischen Institut von Kroatien (HIC) in Zagreb erzielten Ergebnisse beziehen sich auf die pyrotechnischen Mischungen R-32 (in Verwendung von 1981 – 1988), VTG-8 (1986 – 1988), MKM-10 (1989) und AJ (wird erst 1989 verwendet).

Die Wirkung des Aerosols ist von verschiedenen Parametern abhängig, so etwa von der Art der Verbrennung und der Strömung, von den meteorologischen Bedingungen und von der Verweildauer des Aerosols in der Wolke. Weiters hängt sie auch vom technischen Herstellungsprozeß der pyrotechnischen Mischung ab.

Die pyrotechnischen Präparate MKM-10 und AJ haben sich im Intervall vom Gefrierpunkt bis −10°, also in den “warmen” Wolkenzonen, als wirksamer erwiesen als R-32 und VTG-8.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baklanov, A. M., Gorbunov, B. Z., Kakutkina, N. A., Kravchenko, I. P., Kucenogii, K. P., Sidorov, A. I., Pashenko, S. E., 1982: Isledovanie disperznosti i ledoobrazujushih aktivnosti aerozola iodastoga serebra, generivuryemnih pirosastavami, Izv. AN SSSR.Fizika atmosferi i okeana 18, 506–512.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belyayev, S. P., Dlyachenko, J. D., Kim, N. S., Matveev, J. N., Sidorov, A. I., 1987: Nekotorie rezultati sravniteljnih ispitanii generatorov ledoobrazujushih aerozolei.Meteorologia i gidrologia 4, 58–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, B. L., Johnson, L. R., Moeng, F. J., 1975: An Explanation for the Unusual Nucleating Ability for Aerosols produced from the AgI · NH4I — Acetone System.J. Appl. Meteor. 14, 891–896.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeMott, P. J., Finnegan, W. G., Grant, L. O., 1983: An Application of Chemical Kinetic Theory and Methodology to Characterize the Ice Nucleating Properties of Aerosols Used for Weather Modification.J. Climate Appl. Meteor. 22, 1190–1203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Federer, B., Schneider, A., 1981: Properties of Pyro-technic Nucleants Used in Grossversuch IV.J. Appl. Meteor. 20, 997–1005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorbunov, B. Z., Kakutkina, N. A., Kucenogii, K. P., Makarov, V. I., 1976: Isledovanie zavisnosti ledoobrazujushei aktivnosti aerozola iodastog serebra ot disperzivnosti.Fiz. Atmos. i Okeana 12, 1295–1302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat, V., Lipovšćak, B., 1983: Cloud Seeding with the TG-10 Rockets.J. Weath. Mod. 15, 56–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kachurin, L. B., 1978: Fizicheskie osnovi vozdeistva na atmosfernie procesi, Lenjingrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peti, D, Horvat, V., 1985: Ispitivanje aktivnosti meteoroloških reagensa u laboratoriji COT-a SR Hrvatske, Prvo jugoslavensko savetovanje o protugradnoj zaštiti i ostalim vidovima veštačkog uticasa na vreme,Tara 2, 321–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vonnegut, B., 1949: Nucleation of Supercooled Water Clouds by Silver Iodide Smokes.Chem. Rev. 44, 277–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vonnegut, B., Baldwin, M, 1984: Repeated Nucleation of a Supercooled Water Sample that Contains Silver Iodides Particles.J. Climate Appl. Meteor. 23, 486–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • WMO, 1977: PEP Cloud Seeding Reagents, PEP Report No 5, Geneva, 13.

  • WMO, 1978: Design Document, PEP Report No 9, Geneva 173.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

With 8 Figures

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Horvat, V. Some results in studies of meteorological reagents. Theor Appl Climatol 40, 255–260 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00865976

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00865976

Keywords

Navigation