Abstract
We report two cases of symptomatic cholelithiasis in pediatric renal transplant recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporine (CsA), prednisone and azathioprine. CsA was present in the bile and in the cholesterol gallstones of one patient. The diagnosis of cholelithiasis was established in both cases by abdominal ultrasound examination.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kalser MH, Schoenfield LJ, Marks JW, Tompkins RK (1985) Cholelithiasis. In: Berk JE (ed) Gastroenterology, 4th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 3619–3642
Bates GC, Brown CH (1952) Incidence of gallbladder disease in chronic hemolytic anemia (spherocytosis). Gastroenterology 21:104–109
Robertson JFR, Carachi R, Sweet EM, Raine PAM (1988) Cholelithiasis in childhood: a follow-up study. J Pediatr Surg 23:246–249
Hata D, Miyanomae T, Sensaki S, Okuma M, Mikawa H (1987) Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with common bile duct obstruction. Acta Pathol Jpn 29:461–464
Sherlock S (1981) Gall-stones and inflammatory gall bladder diseases. In: no editors (eds) Diseases of the liver and biliary system, 8th edn. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 655–686
Caniano Da, Starr J, Ginn-Pease ME (1989) Extensive short-bowel syndrome in neonates: outcome in the 1980s. Surgery 105:119–123
Stern RC, Rothstein FC, Doershuk CF (1986) Treatment and prognosis of symptomatic gallbladder disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 5:35–40
Becker M, Staab D, Leiss O, Bergmann K von (1989) Biliary lipid composition in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 8:308–312
Bennion LJ, Grundy SM (1978) Risk factors for the development of cholelithiasis in man. N Engl J Med 299:1161–1167
Veneri RJ, Gordon SC (1988) Anabolic steroid-induced cholestasis: choleretic response to corticosteroids. J Clin Gastroenterol 10:467–468
Kahan BD, Flechner SM, Lorber MI, Golden D, Conley S, Van Buren CT (1987) Complications of cyclosporine-prednisone immunosuppression in 402 renal allograft recipients exclusively followed at a single center for from one to five years. Transplantation 43:197–204
Lorber MI, Van Buren CT, Flechner SM, Williams C, Kahan BD (1987) Hepatobiliary and pancreatic complications of cyclosporine therapy in 466 renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 43:35–40
Laupacis A (1983) Complications of cyclosporine therapy-a comparison to azathioprine. Transplant Proc 15 [Suppl 1]:2748–2753
Ried M, Gibbons S, Kwok D, Van Buren CT, Flechner S, Kahan BD (1983) Cyclosporine levels in human tissues of patients treated for one week to one year. Transplant Proc 15 [Suppl 1]:2434–2437
Calne RY, Rolles K, Thiru S, McMaster P, Craddock GN, Aziz S, White DJG, Evans DB, Dunn DC, Henderson RG, Lewis P (1979) Cyclosporin A initially as the only immunosuppressant in 34 recipients of cadaveric organs: 32 kidneys, 2 pancreases, and 2 livers. Lancet II:1033–1036
Kasiske BL, Awni WM, Heim-Duthoy KL, Rose M, Rao VK, Bloom P, Ney A, Andrisevic J, Odland M, Andersen RC (1988) Alterations in cyclosporine pharmacokinetics after renal transplantation are linked to rapid increases in hematocrit, lipoproteins, and serum protein. Transplant Proc 20 [Suppl 2]:485–486
Ballantyne CM, Podet EJ, Patsch WP, Harati Y, Appel V, Gotto AM Jr, Young JB (1989) Effects of cyclosporine therapy on plasma lipoprotein levels. JAMA 262:53–56
Hofmann AF (1988) Pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. J Clin Gastroenterol 10 [Suppl 2]:S1-S11
La Morte WW, Schoetz DJ Jr, Birkett DH, Williams LF Jr (1979) The role of the Gallbladder in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. Gastroenterol 77:580–592
Atkinson K, Biggs J, Dodds A, Concannon A (1983) Cyclosporineassociated hepatotoxicity after allogeneic marrow transplantation in man: differentiation from other causes of posttransplant liver disease. Transplant Proc 15 [Suppl 1]:2761–2767
Klintmalm GBG, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE (1981) Cyclosporine A hepatotoxicity in 66 renal allograft recipients. Transplantation 488–489
Ryffel B, Donatsch P, Madorin M, Matter BE, Ruttimann G, Schon H, Stoll R, Wilson J (1983) Toxicological evaluation of cyclosporin A. Arch Toxicol 53:107–141
Schade RR, Guglielmi A, Van Thiel DH, Thompson ME, Warty V, Griffith B, Sanghvi A, Bahnson H, Hardesty R (1983) Cholestasis in heart transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine. Transplant Proc 15 [Suppl 1]:2757–2760
Baldessarini RJ (1985) Drugs used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In: Goodman LS, Gilman AG (eds) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. MacMillan, New York, pp 387–455
Larrey D, Erlinger S (1988) Drug-Induced cholestasis. Ballieres Clin Gastroenterol 2:423–452
Calabresi P, Parks RE Jr (1985) Antiproliferative agents and drugs used for immunosuppresion. In: Goodman LS, Gilman AG (eds) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. McMillan, New York p 1247–1307
Venkataramanan R, Starzl TE, Yang S, Burckart GJ, Ptachcinski RJ, Shaw BW, Iwatsuki S, Van Thiel DH, Sanghvi A, Seltman H (1985) Biliary excretion of cyclosporine in liver transplant patients. Transplant Proc 17:286–289
Holcomb G, Holcomb G III (1990) Cholelithiasis in infants, children and adolescents. Pediatr Rev 11:268–274
Wermke W (1989) Ultrasonic diagnosis of gallstone diseases. Z Gesamte Inn Med 44:377–382
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Diaz-Gonzalez de Ferris, M.E., Mendoza, S.A., Griswold, W.R. et al. Symptomatic cholelithiasis in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Nephrol 5, 15–17 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00852832
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00852832