Conclusions
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1.
475-degree brittleness in iron-chromium alloys cannot be explained by the precipitation of brittle excess phases.
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2.
475-degree brittleness is due toσ-aging, which constitutes a period preparatory to the formation of theσ-phase.
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3.
Intraphase redistribution causes distortion of the crystal lattice and hardens the ferrite which causes a sharp decline in impact toughness and an increase in the microhardness; certain physical properties of the alloy are changed during the process.
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Kopersak, N.I. Nature of 475-degree brittleness in stainless steels. Met Sci Heat Treat 4, 387–390 (1962). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00820014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00820014