Skip to main content
Log in

Tautomerism and stereochemistry of isohypericin, bromohypericines, and gymnochromes: Force field investigations

Tautomerie und Stereochemie von Isohypericin und Bromhypericinen: Untersuchungen mit Hilfe der Kraftfeld-Methodik

  • Organische Chemie Und Biochemie
  • Published:
Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Using an MM2 derived force field the stereochemistry and tautomerism of isohypericin and several bromohypericines, including gymnochrome D and isogymnochrome D, were investigated. The geometries of the “propeller” and “double butterfly” conformers of isohypericin were similar to those of hypericin. However, an interconversion barrier between the enantiomeric “propeller” conformers was found, which was 53 kJ/mol lower in isohypericin. From the ten tautomers of isohypericin the 7,14-dioxo tautomer was calculated to be the most stable one by about 50 kJ/mol. In the bromo derivatives and the gymnochromes the bromine substituents caused a ruffling of the biaryl fragments. The buttressing effect of the bromine led to an enhancement of the interconversion barriers between enantiomeric conformers. The “double butterfly” conformer was found to be more stable than the “propeller” conformer for tetrabromohypericin and the gymnochromes.

Zusammenfassung

Die Stereochemie von Isohypericin und einiger Bromhypericine sowie von Gymnochrom D und Isogymnochrom D wurden mit Hilfe eines von MM2 abgeleiteten Kraftfeldes untersucht. Die Geometrien der „Propeller“- und „Doppelschmetterlings“-Konformeren sind vergleichbar mit jenen des Hypericins. Die Interkonversionsbarriere zwischen den enantiomeren „Propeller“-Konformeren ist jedoch um etwa 53 kJ/mol niederer als im Hypericin. Von den zehn Isohypericin-Tautomeren ist das 7,14-Dioxotautomere das um etwa 50kJ/mol stabilste. In den Bromderivaten und den Gymnochromen bewirken die Bromsubstituenten eine Wellung der Biarylfragmente, wobei der Buttressing-Effekt der Bromsubstituenten zu einer Erhöhung der Interkonversionsbarrieren zwischen enantiomeren Konformeren führt. Das „Doppelschmetterlings“-Konformere ist beim Tetrabromhypericin und bei den Gymnochromen stabiler als das „Propeller“-Konformere.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Etzlstorfer C., Falk H., Müller N., Schmitzberger W., Wagner U. G. (1993) Monatsh. Chem.124: 751

    Google Scholar 

  2. Etzlstorfer C., Falk H., Müller N. (1993) Monatsh. Chem.124: 431

    Google Scholar 

  3. Falk H., Schoppel G. (1992) Monatsh. Chem.123: 391

    Google Scholar 

  4. Falk H., Schmitzberger W. (1993) Monatsh. Chem.124: 77

    Google Scholar 

  5. De Richardis F., Iorizzi M., Minale L., Riccio R., Richer de Froges R., Debitus C. (1991) J. Org. Chem.56: 6781

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sprague J. T., Tai J. C., Yuh Y., Allinger N. L. (1987) J. Comp. Chem.8: 581; Liljefors T., Tai J. C., Yuh Y., Allinger N. L. (1987) J. Comp. Chem.8: 1051

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bowen J. P., Reddy V. V., Patterson D. G., Allinger N. L. (1988) J. Org. Chem.53: 5471

    Google Scholar 

  8. MNDO+ program: C_Graph Software Inc.; based on QCPE program 353

  9. Ball & Stick 3.5: Müller N., Falk A. (1993) Cherwell Scientific Publ. Ltd., Oxford, U. K.

  10. Weiss U., Merlini L., Nasini G. (1987) Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst.52: 1

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Etzlstorfer, C., Falk, H. Tautomerism and stereochemistry of isohypericin, bromohypericines, and gymnochromes: Force field investigations. Monatsh Chem 124, 1031–1039 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00814149

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00814149

Keywords

Navigation