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Theoretical premises for the use of an endo-gas atmosphere

  • Chemical Heat-Treatment
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Metal Science and Heat Treatment of Metals Aims and scope

Conclusions]

  1. 1.

    A Co-H2-H2O type endo-gas atmosphere is reducing for carbon and for low- to medium-alloy steel; it is neutral for steels with various C contents.

  2. 2.

    An appropriate humidity of the endo-gas atmosphere is determined from the equilibrium diagram of the system CO-H2-H2O-C(γ-Fe), depending on temperature and the C content required in the surface layer of the steel.

  3. 3.

    The presence of methane in the endo-gas leads to a lower equilibrium water vapor content. An endo-gas atmosphere of CO-H2-H2O-CH4 type (with addition of methane) is a gaseous carburizing agent. Such an atmosphere, in combination with a CO-H2-H2O atmosphere, can be used in steel carburizing and allows automatic control of the carbon concentration in the surface layer of steel.

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References

  1. Perrine, R. I.: Metal Progress, 1954, Vol. 65, (5); Koebel, N. K.: Metal Progress, 1954, Vol. 61, (2); Steel Processing, 1955, Vol. 41, (4); Metallurgia, 1955, Vol. 52, (309).

  2. Shmykov, A. A. and Malyshev, B. V.: Controlled atmospheres, Mashgiz, 1953.

  3. Bark, S. Ye. and Litvin, G. Ye.: Sovremennyye gazovyye pechi machinostroitel'nykh zavodov (Modern gas furnaces in machine-building plants), Gosinti, 1959.

  4. Levitskaya, N. M.: Tekhnologiya avtomobilestroyeniya, (5), Niitavtoprom, 1958.

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  6. Shmykov, A. A.: Spravochnik termista, [Heat Industry Handbook] Mashgiz, 1956.

  7. Smith, R. P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, Vol. 68, (7).

  8. Lewis and Randall: Khimicheskaya termodinamika (Chemical thermodynamics), Khimteoretizdat, 1957; Rostovtsev, S. T.: Teoriya metallurgicheskikh protsessov (Theory of metallurgical processes), Metallurgizdat, 1956.

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  10. Vukalovich, M. P. et al.: Termodynamicheskiye svoistva gazov (Thermodynamic properties of gases), Mashgiz, 1953.

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  1. The All-Union Extension Institute of Machine Building, USSR

    A. A. Shmykov

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  1. A. A. Shmykov
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Shmykov, A.A. Theoretical premises for the use of an endo-gas atmosphere. Met Sci Heat Treat 3, 343–347 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00810399

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