Conclusions
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1.
The value of the average degree of directionality of bonds in a system,\(\Delta \bar E_S\), is highly sensitive to structure, and may be recommended as an integral criterion for the selection of microalloying additions for not only titanium based systems, but also for other metallic systems.
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2.
Adding yttrium (0.01%) to an LTS alloy containing an elevated carbon concentration (0.2–0.25%) produces a redistribution of carbon, increasing its solubility in the α- and β-phases. As a result the titanium carbide, TiC (or δ-phase), precipitates during solidification after ESR and microalloying in the form of finely dispersed spherical inclusions, uniformly distributed within the primary β-grains. Consequently, the mechanical properties of the LTS alloy, and the impact toughness in particular, are increased to levels which satisfy the requirements for articles cast from this alloy.
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Literature cited
E. V. Prikhod'ko, Metallochemistry of Complex Alloying [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1983).
D. Harrison, Electronic Structure and Properties of Solid Solutions [Russian translation], Vol. 1, Mir, Moscow (1983).
M. V. Mal'tsev, Modification of the Structure of Metals and Alloys [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1964).
Additional information
Dnepropetrov Metallurgical Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 45–47, July, 1991.
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Kutsova, V.Z., Belokurov, D.É. & Shapovalov, A.V. Structure and properties of titanium alloy LTS with an elevated carbon content. Met Sci Heat Treat 33, 555–557 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00778661
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00778661