Conclusions
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1.
In practice it is advisable to modify steels of the Kh12M type with aluminum, yttrium, and boron, since this helps to achieve more uniform distribution of eutectic carbides, to decrease segregation of alloying elements, and to decrease sensitivity of the steel to overheating.
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2.
Carbide inclusions in forged and annealed modified steel Kh12M are small in size and of characteristic shape.
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3.
Modification of steel Kh12M promotes transformation of austenite during tempering, promotes precipitation hardening, improves mechanical properties, and increases by 1.5–2 times the wear resistance of tools.
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Literature cited
I. A. Revis and T. A. Lebedev, Structure and Properties of Cast Cutting Tools [in Russian], Mashinostroenie (1972), p. 128.
P. S. Pershin, Cast Tool [in Russian], Mashgiz (1962), p. 192.
Additional information
Kaunas Polytechnic Institute. Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Moscow Institute of Steels and Alloys. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 11, pp. 36–38, November, 1982.
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Pavaras, A.É., Popandopulo, A.N., Ambrosa, P.I. et al. Modification of Kh12M steel. Met Sci Heat Treat 24, 793–797 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00774737
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00774737