Abstract
Regional inequalities in economic development in Spain are widely recognised, but similar patterns of levels of living have been less studied. Some of the general factors which might contribute to regional inequalities are discussed. Although it is difficult to identify their precise role, it is argued that the pattern of economic growth, the character of regional economic structures, population distribution and urbanisation, return migration, and the nature of Spanish regional and local government all contribute in varying ways to inequalities in levels of living in different regions. Furthermore, they suggest that such inequalities have persisted throughout the 1970's. The regional patterns are then described and trends of change between 1970 and 1981 examined. The evidence suggests that the decade saw a widening dichotomy in levels of living in Spain with the south and west showing deterioration and the N and E showing relative improvement.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alcaide, J.: Los diseqilibrios regionales en la economia espa¯nola. Revista de Estudios Regionales 4, 193–208 (1979)
Amodia, J.: Franco's Political Legacy. Allen Lane, London 1977.
Baklanoff, E. N.: The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. Praeger, New York 1978.
Barbancho, A. G.: Las migraciones interiores espa¯nolas. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico, Madrid 1967.
Barbancho, A. G.: Las emigraciones Andaluzas, Ho y. Revista de Estudios Regionales, 2, 237–257 (1978)
Borja, J.: Urban movements in Spain. In: Harloe, M. (ed.), Captive cities: Studies in the Political Economy of Cities and Regions, pp. 187–211. Wiley, J., London 1977.
Bradshaw, R.: Spanish migration: economic causes, grave social consequences. Geography 70, 2, 175–178 (1985)
Bradshaw, R.: Internal migration in Spain. Iberian Studies 1, 2, 68–75 (1972)
Buttler, F. A.: Growth pole theory and economic development. Saxon House, Farnborough 1975.
Carr, R.; Fusi, J. P.: Spain: Dictatorship to Democracy. George Allen and Unwin, London 1979.
Cuadrado Roura, J. R.: Regional economic disparities: An approach and some reflections on the Spanish case. Papers of the Regional Science Association 49, 113–130 (1982)
Davidson, R. N.: Social deprivation: an analysis of intercensal change. Transactions, Institute of British Geographers New Series 1, 108–117 (1976)
Fundacion Foessa: Estudios Sociológicos Sobre la situacion social de España. Euramerica, Madrid 1976.
Giner, S.; Sevilla, E.: The latifundio as a local mode of class domination: the Spanish case. Iberian Studies 6, 2, 47–58 (1977)
Hebbert, M.: Regional policy in Spain. Geoforum 13, 107–120 (1982)
Hooper, J.: The Spaniards. Viking, London 1986.
Ilbery, B. W.: Core-periphery contrasts in European social wellbeing. Geography 69, 4, 289–302 (1984)
Instituto de Desarrollo Regional: Un programa economico para Andalucia, 1976–1979. Universidad de Seville, Seville 1976.
Instituto National de Estadistica: Annuario Estadistica. Ministerio de Economiá Y Comercio, Madrid 1972; 1982.
King, R.: Return migration: a review of some case studies from Southern Europe. Mediterranean Studies 1, 3–30 (1979)
King, R.: Population mobility: emigration, return migration and internal migration, In: Williams, A. (ed.), Southern Europe Transformed, pp. 145–178. Harper and Row, London 1984.
Knox, P. L.: Spatial variations in levels of living in England and Wales in 1971. Transactions, Institute of British Geographers 62, 1–24 (1974)
Knox, P. L.: Social Well Being: A Spatial Perspective. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1975.
Knox, P. L.: Territorial indicators and area profiles: some cautionary observations. Town Planning Review 49, 75–83 (1978)
Knox, P. L.: Regional inequality and the welfare state: convergence and divergence in levels of living in the United Kingdom, 1951–1971. Social Indicators Research 10, 319–335 (1982)
Lewis, G. M.: Levels of living in the North-eastern United States c. 1960: a new approach to regional geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 45, 11–37 (1968)
Linz, J. J.; de Miguel, A.: Within Nation Differences and comparisons: The Eight Spains. In: Hewitt, R. L.; Rokkan, S. (eds.), Comparing Nations: The use of Quantitative Data in Cross-National Research, pp. 267–319. Yale University Press, New Haven 1966.
Maravall, J.: The Transition to Democracy in Spain. Croom Helm, London 1982.
Medhurst, K. N.: Government in Spain: The Executive at Work. Pergamon, Oxford 1973.
Moreno, J. M.; de Miguel, A.: La Estructura Social de las Ciudades Españolas. Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas, Madrid 1978.
Naylon, J.: Iberia. In: Clout, H. D. (ed.), Regional Development in Western Europe. J. Wiley & Sons, London 1975.
Naylon, J.: Barcelona. In: Pacione, M. (ed.), Urban Problems and Planning in the Developed World. Croom Helm, London 1981.
Odouard, A.: Le tourisme et les Iles Canaries. Les Cahiers d'OutreMer 102, 150–171 (1973)
O'Flanagan, P.: Growth poles, regional growth axes and regional planning in Galicia, Spain. Tijd schrift voor Econamische en Sociale Geografie LXX, 4, 217–225 (1979)
O'Flanagan, P.: Agrarian structures in north western Iberia. Responses and their implications for development. Geoforum 11, 157–169 (1980)
Smith, D. M.: The Geography of Social Well-being in the United States: An Introduction to Territorial Social Indicators. McGraw Hill, New York 1973.
Smith, D. M.: Patterns in Human Geography. David and Charles, Newton Abbot 1975.
Smith, D. M.: Human Geography: A Welfare Approach. Edward Arnold, London 1977.
Wright, A.: The Spanish Economy, 1959–1976. Macmillan, London 1977.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barke, M. Provincial disparities in levels of living: The case of Spain, 1970–1981. GeoJournal 18, 407–416 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00772695
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00772695