Abstract
The purpose of this work is to provide a critical analysis of the classical papers of H. Thirring [Phys. Z.,19, 33 (1918);Phys. Z.,22, 29 (1921)] and J. Lense and H. Thirring [Phys. Z.,19, 156 (1918)] on rotating masses in the relativistic theory of gravitation and to render them accessible to a wider circle of scholars. An English translation of these papers is presented which follows the original German text as closely as possible. This is followed by a concise account of the significance of the results of these papers as well as the possibility of measuring the gravitational effects of rotating masses.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lense, J. (1981). Private communication.
Brans, C. H. (1977).Phys. Rev. Lett.,39, 856.
Shapiro, I. I. (1980). InGeneral Relativity and Gravitation: One Hundred Years After the Birth of Albert Einstein, Vol. 2, Held, A., ed. (Plenum Press, New York), p. 469.
Hughes, V. W., Robinson, H. G., and Beltran-Lopez, V. (1960).Phys. Rev. Lett.,4, 342.
Drever, R. W. P. (1961).Philos. Mag.,6, 683.
Clemence, G. M. (1947).Rev. Mod. Phys.,19, 361.
Clemence, G. M. (1957).Rev. Mod. Phys.,29, 2.
Schiff, L. I. (1964).Rev. Mod. Phys.,36, 510.
Weiss, R. (1980).Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.,18, 489.
Mashhoon, B. (1977).Astrophys. J.,216, 591.
Bass, L., and Pirani, F. A. E. (1955).Philos. Mag.,46, 850.
Hönl, H., and Maue, A. W. (1956).Z. Phys.,144, 152.
Brill, D. R., and Cohen, J. M. (1966).Phys. Rev.,143, 1011.
Cohen, J. M., and Brill, D. R. (1968).Nuovo Cimento,B56, 209.
De la Cruz, V., and Israel, W. (1968).Phys. Rev.,170, 1187.
Lindblom, L., and Brill, D. R. (1974).Phys. Rev. D,10, 3151.
Orwig, L. P. (1978).Phys. Rev. D,18, 1757.
Einstein, A. (1955).The Meaning of Relativity (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey).
Goenner, H. (1970). InErnst Mach: Physicist and Philosopher, Boston Studies in the Philosphy of Science, Vol. VI, Cohen, R. S., and Seeger, R. J., eds. (Reidel, Dordrecht).
Reinhardt, M. (1973).Z. Naturforsch.,28a, 529.
Raine, D. J. (1981).Rep. Prog. Phys.,44, 1151.
Teyssandier, P. (1977).Phys. Rev. D,16, 946.
Teyssandier, P. (1978).Phys. Rev. D,18, 1037.
Einstein, A. (1913).Phys. Z.,14, 1261.
Thirring, H. (1918).Phys. Z.,19, 204.
Mashhoon, B. (1971).J. Math. Phys.,12, 1075.
Boyer, R. H., and Lindquist, R. W. (1967).J. Math. Phys.,8, 265.
Landau, L. D., and Lifshitz, E. M. (1971).The Classical Theory of Fields, 3rd ed. (Pergamon Press, Oxford).
De Sitter, W. (1916).Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.,76, 699.
Kalitzin, N. St. (1958).Nuovo Cimento,9, 365.
Kerr, R. P. (1963).Phys. Rev. Letters,11, 237.
Boyer, R. H., and Price, T. G. (1965).Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc.,61, 531.
Lense, J. (1918).Astron. Nachr.,206, 117.
Hiscock, W. A., and Lindblom, L. (1979).Astrophys. J.,231, 224.
Voyager 2 Jupiter results: (1979).Science,206, 925.
Voyager 2 Saturn results: (1982).Science,215, 499.
Ginzburg, V. L. (1959).Sci. Am.,200, 149.
Van Patten, R. A. and Everitt, C. W. F. (1976).Celest. Mech.,13, 429.
Van Patten, R. A., and Everitt, C. W. F. (1976).Phys. Rev. Letters,36, 629.
Mashhoon, B. (1979).Astrophys. J.,227, 1019.
Schiff, L. I. (1960).Phys. Rev. Lett.,4, 215.
Everitt, C. W. F. (1973). InExperimental Gravitation, Bertotti, B., ed. (Academic Press, New York), p. 331.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mashhoon, B., Hehl, F.W. & Theiss, D.S. On the gravitational effects of rotating masses: The Thirring-Lense papers. Gen Relat Gravit 16, 711–750 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00762913
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00762913