Abstract
The purpose of the present article is to supplement clinical literature that focuses on cross-cultural therapy. The author examines societal impacts on therapy, while emphasizing the mutuality of therapy between patient and therapist. A number of specific strategies for white therapists working with black families are offered.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arace, A. & Torres-Matrillo, C. (1978). Acculturation: Its Impact on Strategies. Paper presented at the American Psychiatric Convention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Banks, W. (1976). The differential effects of race and social class in helping.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 90–92.
Bernard, V. (1953). Psychoanalysis and members of minority groups.Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 1, 256–269.
Birky, T. (1982). Influence of Treatment Factors on the Therapy Perceptions of Majority and Minority Students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University.
Brantley, T. (1983). Racism and Its Impact on Psychotherapy.American Journal of Psychiatry, 140:12, 1605–1608.
Carkhuff, R.R. & Pierce, R. (1976). Differential effects of therapist race and social class upon patient depth of self-exploration in the initial clinical interview.Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31, 632–634.
Carter, J.H. (1971). Frequent mistakes made with black patients in psychotherapy.Journal of the National Medical Association, 71, 1007–1009.
Carter, J.H. & Haizlip, T.M. (1972). Race and its relevance to transference.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 42, 865–871.
Davis, W. E. & Jons, M.H. (1974). Negro versus Caucasian test performance revisited.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 675–679.
Davis, W.E., Seck. S.J. & Ryan, T.A. (1973). Race-related and educationally MMPI profile differences among hospitalized schizophrenics.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 478–479.
DeWitte, L. (1977). The effects of client race and social class on the attitudes and decisions of school psychologists.Dissertation Abstracts International, 37(7-B), 3603–3604.
Exum, H.A. (1983). Key issues in family counseling with gifted and talented black students.Roeper Review, 28–31.
Flanagan, T.J. (1981).Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics-1981 U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Frank, J. (1973)Persuasion and Healing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Garza, C. (1981). Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of minority groups.The Journal of Social Psychology, 114, 9–22.
Griffith, M.W. (1977). The influences of race on the psychotherapeutic relationship.Psychiatry, 40, 27–40.
Haley, A. (1977).Roots. New York: Doubleday.
Hill, R., et al. (1975).Black Families in the 1974–1975 Depression. Washington, D.C.: National Urban League Research.
Jackson, B. (1975). Black identity development.Meform: Journal of Educational Diversity and Innovation, 2, 19–25.
Johnson, C.A. & Katz, C. (1973). Using parents as change agents for their children: A review.Journal of Child Psychology, XIV, 181–200.
Kenndy, J. (1952). Problem posed in the analysis of Negro patients.Psychiatry, 15, 313–327.
Minuchin, S., Montalvo, S. & Guerney, B. (1967).Families of the Slum. New York: Basic Books.
Moynihan D.P. (1965).The Negro Family: The Case For National Action. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
Pinderhughes, C.A. (1966). Pathogenic Social Structure: A Prime Target for Preventive Psychiatric Intervention.Journal of the National Medical Association, 58, 424–435.
Pinderhughes, C.A. & Rolland, R. (1971). Psychotherapy with black patients. Read at the Annual Meeting of the National Medical Association.
Reynolds, B. (1964). The social casework of an uncharted journeySocial Work, 9, 16.
Rogers, C. (1970).On Becoming a Person. Boston: Houghten Mifflin.
Sabshin, M., Diesenhaus, H. & Wilkerson, R. (1970). Dimensions of institutional racism in psychiatry.American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 787–793.
Schacter, J. & Butts, H. (1968). Transference and countertransference in interracial analyses.Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 16, 792–808.
Silverman, D. (1971). The influences on the Negro patient dropping out of psychiatric treatment.Psychiatric Opinion, 8, 29.
Spurlock, J. (1969). Problems of identification in young black children-Static or changing?Journal of the National Medical Association, 62, 504–507.
Stack, C. (1974).All our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community. New York: Harper and Row.
Stevens, G. (1980). Bias in attributions of positive and negative behavior in children by school psychologists, parents, and teachers.Perceptual and Motor Skills, 50, 1283–1290.
Thomas A. & Sillen, S. (1972).Racism and Psychiatry. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Thomas, C.W. Blackness as a Personality Construct. Paper presented to the XIV Inter-American Congress of Psychology, San Paulo, Brazil, April 15, 1973.
Ticho, G. (1971). Cultural aspects of the transference and counter-transference.Menniger Clinic, 35, 313–326.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 372.
Varghese, I.T. (1983). The racially different psychiatrist-implications for psychotherapy.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 329–333.
Waite, R. (1968). The Negro patient and clinical theory,Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32, 427–433.
Watkins, B.A., Cavan, M.C., & Davis, W.E. (1975). Differential diagnosis imbalances as a race-related phenomenon.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 267–268.
Weltner, J.S. (1982). A structural approach to the single-parent family.Family Process, Inc. 21, 203–310.
Yamamoto, J. & Steinberg, A. (1981). Ethnic, racial and social class factors in mental health.Journal of the National Medical Association, V.73: 3, 231–240.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sykes, D.K. An approach to working with black youth in cross cultural therapy. Clin Soc Work J 15, 260–270 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00753605
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00753605