Abstract
We report the first precise measurement on the surface tension of dilute solutions of4He in3He from 2.6 K to the phase separation temperature as well as the mass density of the solutions. Compared to liquid3He, the surface tension of dilute4He solutions increases by 3.5 ± 0.1 mdyne/cm for 2.5%4He and 7.4 ± 0.2 mdyne/cm for 5.2%4He at 1 K. The increase of the surface tension means a negative adsorption, i.e.,4He atoms are excluded from the free surface. The surface adsorption, which is calculated on the basis of the4He quasiparticle model, was compared with the data. Assuming that the effective potential near the surface for the4He quasiparticle is long-range, the temperature dependence of the surface adsorption is well explained.
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Using the WKB approximation, we can obtain that the phase shift varies as q1/3 in the case of V(z) ∝ (1/|z|)3.
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Sato, A., Suzuki, M. Surface tension and mass density of dilute solutions of4He in3He. J Low Temp Phys 99, 727–744 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00753560
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00753560