Abstract
We calculate the rate at which bubbles form by quantum tunneling in liquid helium-3 and helium-4 at negative pressure. We find that quantum tunneling should be observable at temperatures below about 0.1 K in helium-3 and 0.2 K in helium-4, and at pressures close to the critical negative pressure at which the liquid becomes unstable against long wavelength density fluctuations.
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Maris, H.J. Theory of quantum nucleation of bubbles in liquid helium. J Low Temp Phys 98, 403–424 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00752276
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00752276