Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Beneficiation of low grade carbonate-rich phosphate rocks using dilute acetic acid solution

  • Published:
Fertilizer research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The carbonate-rich phosphate rocks have no direct use and are rejected all over the world. Substantial amounts of low-grade phosphorites are found along with high grade ore in some areas of Hazara (Pakistan). In the technique described dilute acetic acid solution has been used for leaching of the carbonates contained in Hazara low-grade, carbonate-rich phosphate rocks. In this work, the effect of acetic acid concentration, reaction time and liquid/solid ratio (vol/wt. basis) have been studied. It was found that upon treatment of the ground ore with acetic acid, the tricalcium phosphate (TCP) percent can be raised by up to 23% corresponding to a reduction of up to 62% in the calcium carbonate content of the samples, depending on the conditions of the reaction as well as the nature and size of the raw phosphate particles used for analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Good PC (1976) Beneficiation of Unweathered Indian Calcareous Phosphate Rock by Calcination and Hydration. US Bureau of Mines, Report No 8154, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hignett TP, Doll EC, Livingston OH and Raistrick B (1977) New Developments in Phosphate Fertilizer Technology, 273, Proceedings. Carpentier LJ (ed) Sci Pule Co Elsevier

  3. Lawver JE, Mcclintock WO and Snow RE (1978) Miner Sci Eng 10: 278

    Google Scholar 

  4. Lodha TR, Sinha NK and Srivastava AC (1984) Chemic Age India 35: 15

    Google Scholar 

  5. Robinson N (1978) Fisons' Experience on the Effect of Phosphate Rock Impurities on the Phosphoric Acid Plant Performance. ISMA (IFA) Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  6. Mew MC (1980) World Survey of Phosphate Deposits. 4th edn p 2. The British Sulfur Corp. Ltd, London

    Google Scholar 

  7. Baudet G (1988) The Processing of Phosphate Ores, Chron Rech Min, Special issue on Phosphates, 67

  8. Crago A (1940) Process of Concentrating Phosphate Minerals. US Patent No 2,293,640

  9. Moudgil BM and Chanchani R (1985) Flotation of Apatite and Dolomite Using Sodium Oleate as Collector. Minerals and Metallurgical Processing 2(1): 13

    Google Scholar 

  10. Moudgil BM and Chanchani R (1985) Selective Flotation of Dolomite from Francolite Using Two-Stage Conditioning. Minerals and Metallurgical Processing 2(1): 19

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ince DE (1987) Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Selective Flotation of Dolomite from Apatite. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Florida

  12. Moudgil BM, Ince D, Vasudevan TV and Sober D (1990) Bench-Scale Optimization of the Two-Stage Conditioning Process for Apatite-Dolomite Separation. Minerals and Metallurgical Processing 7(1): 53

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hegner P and Pacl Z (1974) Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 40060 USTI NAD Labem, Czechoslovakia, Report No. PTE/74/12, 21 p

  14. EI-Jalead IS, Abouzeid AZM and EI-Sinbawy HA (1980) Powder Technol 26: 187

    Google Scholar 

  15. Issahary D and Pelly I (1985) Int J Mineral Proc 15: 219

    Google Scholar 

  16. Baumann AN and Snow RE (1980) 2nd Int Cong on Phosphate Compounds Proceedings, April 21–25, Boston, 269

  17. Abu-Eishah SI and Sadeddin W (1988b) Beneficiation of Calcareous Phosphate Rocks by Acidulation with Dilute Acetic Acid Solutions: Presented at 3rd Cong of Chemical Engineers, Cairo-Egypt, March 19–21, TESCE 14: 23–33

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sadeddin W and Abu-Eishah SI (1988a) A New Technique for the Beneficiation of Low Grade Carbonate-rich Phosphate Rocks by Digestion with Dilute Acetic Acid Solutions: Presented at 3rd Cong of Chemical Engineers, March 19–21, Cairo-Egypt, TESCE 14: 75

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sadeddin W and Abu-Eishah SI (1990) Minimization of Free Calcium Carbonate in Hard and Medium-hard Phosphate Rocks Using Dilute Acetic Acid Solution. Int J Miner Process 30: 113–125

    Google Scholar 

  20. Morrison RT and Boyd RN (1983) Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Allyn and Bacon Inc, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  21. Jeppsson L, Fredholm D and Mattiasson BO (1985) J of Paleontol 59: 952

    Google Scholar 

  22. Abu-Eishah SI, EI-Jallad M, Touqan N and Sadeddin W (1991) Beneficiation of Calcareous Phosphate Rocks Using Dilute Acetic Acid Solutions: Optimization of Operating Conditions for Ruseifa (Jordan) Phosphate. Int J Miner Process 31: 115–126

    Google Scholar 

  23. Samir I, Abu-Eishah SI, Muthaker M and Touqan N (1991) A New Technique for the Beneficiation of Low Grade Carbonate-rich Phosphate Rocks by Digestion with Dilute Acetic Acid Solutions: Pilot Plant Testing Results. Minerals Engineering J 4: 573–586

    Google Scholar 

  24. Abu-Eishah SI (1989) Recovery of Acetic Acid from Acetate Solutions via ion exchange Methods. Int Report, Chem Eng Dept, J.U.S.T., Irbid-Jordan

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hawley GG (1984) The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. Galgotia Book Source Pub, New Delhi, 178 p

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Zafar Iqbal Zafar

Authors
  1. Zafar Iqbal Zafar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zafar, Z.I. Beneficiation of low grade carbonate-rich phosphate rocks using dilute acetic acid solution. Fertilizer Research 34, 173–180 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00750112

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00750112

Keywords

Search

Navigation