Abstract
The nitriding behavior of nickel-chromium alloys was studied in ammonia-hydrogen mixtures over the range of 700–900°C. Nitridation rates decreased with increasing chromium content, but the critical amount of chromium for transition from internal nitridation to continuous-nitride film formation was found to be much greater than the critical value to form a continuous-Cr 2O3 film during oxidation. In general, internal-nitridation rates were found to obey the parabolic rate law. Parabolic rate constants and activation energies for the diffusion of nitrogen were measured. Very fine precipitates formed at the lowest temperature, increasing in size with increasing temperature. The precipitate number density was found to vary within the internally nitrided zone, decreasing with distance from the gas/metal surface. The precipitate morphology changed also with temperature and distance, becoming Widmanstätten at higher temperatures and/or increasing distance within the zone. CrN formed for all exposure conditions. No Cr 2 N was detected under any conditions studied.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. S. Smith,Min. and Met. 11, 213 (1930);13, 481 (1932);J. Inst. Met. 46, (1931).
F. N. Rhines,Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. (Metall.) Engrs. 137, 246 (1940).
F. N. Rhines, W. A. Johnson, and W. A. Anderson,Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. (Metall.) Engrs. 147, 205 (1942).
F. N. Rhines and A. H. Grobe,Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. (Metall.) Engrs. 147, 318 (1942).
J. L. Meihering and M. J. Druyvesteyn,Philips Res. Rept. 2, 81, 260 (1947).
R. A. Rapp,Corrosion 21, 382 (1965).
ASM Metals Handbook Ninth Edition, Vol. 4, Heat Treating, V. Masseria, ed. (1981), pp. 191–221.
D. J. Coates, B. Mortimer, and A. Hendry,Corrosion Science 22, 951–972 (1982).
L. E. Kindlimann and G. S. Ansell,Met. Trans. 1, 163 (1970).
J. L. Arnold and W. C. Hagel,Met. Trans. 3, 1471–1477 (1972).
P. Grievson and E. T. Turkdogan,Trans. AIME 230, 407–414 (1964).
B. J. Lightfoot and D. H. Jack,Heat Treatment '73 248–254 (1973).
J. J. Barnes and G. Y. Lai, inCorrosion and Particle Erosion at High Temperatures, V. Srinivasan and K. Vedula, eds. (Conf. Proc., Las Vegas, Nevada, 1989), p. 615.
I. Chen and D. L. Douglass,Oxid. Met. 34, 473 (1990).
G. Bohm and M. Kahlweit,Acta. Metall. 12, 641 (1964).
C. Wagner,Corr. Sci. 5, 751 (1965).
D. L. Douglass,Cor. Sci. 8, 665–678 (1968).
S. Mrowec and T. Werber,Gas Corrosion of Metals (National Bureau of Standards and National Science Foundation, translated from Polish, 1978).
C. Wagner,Z. Elektrochem. 63, 772 (1959).
J. Park and C. J. Alstetter,Met. Trans. A 18A, 43–50 (1987).
R. P. Elliott,Constitution of Binary Alloys, First Supplement (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965), p. 639.
H. A. Wriedt and O. D. Gonzales,Trans. AIME 221, 532–535 (1961).
F. H. Stott, A. Martinez-Villafane, and G. C. Wood,International Congress on Metallic Corrosion (Toronto, 1984).
K. Hauffe,Oxidation of Metals (Plenum Press, New York, 1965), p. 45.
F. H. Stott, Y. Shida, D. P. Whittle, G. C. Wood, and B. D. Bastow,Oxid. Met. 18, 127 (1982).
S. Guruswamy, S. M. Park, J. P. Hirth, and R. A. Rapp,Oxid. Met. 26, 77–100 (1986).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rubly, R.P., Douglass, D.L. Internal nitridation of nickel-chromium alloys. Oxid Met 35, 259–278 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00738289
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00738289