Conclusions
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1.
The addition of ">0.03% Y to cast iron stabilizes the pearlite-ledeburite structure; with 0.03–0.005% Y the metallic matrix forms a pearlitic structure with rounded graphite inclusions; with "<0.005% Y only the dispersity of the graphite is affected.
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2.
In cast irons of eutectic composition the addition of yttrium does not lead to formation of rounded graphite inclusions.
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3.
In Fe-C-Si-Y alloys there is no overmodification effect with the addition of as much as 0.8–1.0% Y.
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Literature cited
A. P. Andreev, V. A. Izmailov, and V. I. Kashin, "Method of studying the effect of a modifier on the structure of cast iron," Liteinoe Proizvod., No. 9, 36 (1974).
A. P. Andreev et al., "Effect of yttrium on the structure of cast iron," Liteinoe Proizvod., No. 8, 24 (1974).
K. P. Bunin, Ya. N. Malinochka, and Yu. N. Taran, Fundamentals of the Metallography of Cast Iron [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1969).
Additional information
A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 11, pp. 62–63, November, 1978.