Conclusions
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1.
Ferritic chromium steels with 10–30% Cr and grain size≥grade 8 with cleanness typical of openmelted steels undergo brittle fracture at room temperature.
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2.
The use of vacuum melting for high-chromium ferritic steels reduces the concentration of impurities (C+N+O) by an order (total concentration of interstitial impurities drops from tenths to hundredths of one percent), which lowers the transition temperature by 130–170° for steels of grade 8 and 220–295° for steels of grade 4.
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3.
Raising the chromium content from 10 to 30% in both open and vacuum heats raises the transition temperature additively, which is described by the equation T50=k·% Cr+b.
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4.
The transition temperature of high-chromium ferritic steels, both open and vacuum heats, increases with the grain size, which conforms with a relationship of the Hall-Petch type: T50=M+N·d−1/2.
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Additional information
I. P. Bardin Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 11, pp. 2–7, November, 1978.
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Gulyaev, A.P., Levanova, A.N. Brittleness of high-chromium ferritic stainless steels. Met Sci Heat Treat 20, 881–886 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00713746
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00713746