Abstract
Experimental data on windbreak flows have been analysed, using several statistical methods. Our analysis demonstrates that coherent structures exist in the mixing region of a porous windbreak (50% porosity) flow, and are largely responsible for the momentum transport that re-accelerates the leeward flow. A comparison between windbreak flow and laboratory turbulent mixing layers suggests that the dominant structures in these two flows are similar. Some previous numerical and experimental results are interpreted in light of the coherent structures and the self-similar property in the mixing region of a windbreak flow.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antonia, R. A.: 1981, ‘Conditional Sampling in Turbulence Measurement’,Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 13, 131–56.
Aubry, N.: 1991, ‘On the Hidden Beauty of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition’,Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynamics 2, 339–352.
Aubry, N., Holmes, P., Lumley, J. L., and Stone, E.: 1988, ‘The Dynamics of Coherent Structures in the Wall Region of A Turbulent Boundary Layer’,J. Fluid Mech. 192, 115–173.
Baltaxe, R.: 1967, ‘Air Flow Patterns in the Lee of Model Windbreaks’,Archiv fur Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Series B.: Allgemeine und biologische Klimatologie, Band15, Heft 3, 26 pp.
Blackwelder, R. F., and Kaplan, R. E.: 1976, ‘On the Wall Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layer’,J. Fluid Mech. 76, 89–112.
Bradley, L. F. and Mulhearn, P. J.: 1983, ‘Development of Velocity and Shear Stress Distributions in the Wake of A Porous Shelter Fence’,J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 15, 145–156.
Bradshaw, P.: 1966, ‘The Effect of Initial Conditions on the Development of a Free Shear Layer’,J. Fluid Mech. 26, 225–236.
Browand, F. K. and Troutt, T. R.: 1985, ‘The Turbulent Mixing Layer: Geometry of Large Vortices’,J. Fluid Mech. 158, 489–509.
Brown, L. G., and Roshko, A.: 1974, ‘On the Density Effects and Large Structure in Turbulent Mixing Layer’,J. Fluid Mech. 64, 775–816.
Counihan, J., Hunt, J. C. R. and Jackson, P. S.: 1974, ‘Wakes Behind Two-Dimensional Surface Obstacles in Turbulent Boundary Layers’,J. Fluid Mech. 64, 529–563.
Courant, R., and Hilbert, D.: 1953,Methods of Mathematical Physics 1, Interscience, 561 pp.
Dyer, A. J.: 1974, ‘A Review of Flux-Profile Relations’,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 1, 363–372.
Finnigan, J. J., and Bradley, B. F.: 1983, ‘The Turbulent Kinetic Energy Budget Behind A Porous Barrier: An Analysis in Streamline Coordinates’,J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 15, 157–168.
Ho, C-M., and Huerre, P.: 1984, ‘Perturbed Free Shear Layers’,Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 16, 365–424.
Högström, U.: 1990, ‘Analysis of Turbulence Structure in the Surface Layer with a Modified Similarity Formulation for Near Neutral Conditions’,J. Atmos. Sci. 47, 1949–1972.
Hunt, J. C. R., Kaimal, J. C., and Gaynor, J. E.: 1988, ‘Eddy Structure in the Convective Boundary Layer—New Measurements and New Concepts’,Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 114, 827–858.
IMSL, 1989: IMSL-Fortran Subroutines for Mathematical Applications, MALB-USM-PERFCT-EN8901-1.1.
Kaimal, J. C., Wyngaard, J. C., Izumi, Y., and Cote, O. R.: 1972, ‘Spectral Characteristics of Surface Layer Turbulence’,Quart. J. Roy. Metorol. Soc. 98, 563–589.
Latigo, Ben O.: 1979, ‘Large-Scale Structure Interactions in a Two-Dimensional Turbulent Mixing Layer’, Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. Aero-Space Engng., Univ. S. Calif., Los Angeles.
Laws, E. M. and Livesey, J. L.: 1978, ‘Flow Through Screens’,Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 10, 247–266.
Liu, J. T. C.: 1989, ‘Coherent Structures in Transitional and Turbulent Shear Flows’,Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 21, 283–315.
Loeve, M.: 1955,Probability Theory, Van Nostrand, N. Y.
Lumley, J. L.: 1967,‘The Structure of Inhomogeneous Turbulent Flows’, in A. M. Yaglom and V. I. Tatarsky (eds.), Atmospheric Turbulence and Radio Wave Propagation, pp. 166–178.
Lumley, J. L.: 1981, ‘Coherent Structure in Turbulence’, in R. E. Meyer (ed.)Transition and Turbulence, pp. 215–242. Academic Press, N.Y.
Mahrt, L., and Frank, H.: 1988, ‘Eigen Structure of Eddy Microfronts’,Tellus 40A, 107–119.
Mulhearn, P. J., and Bradley, E. F.: 1977, ‘Secondary Flows in the Lee of Porous Shelterbelts’,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 12, 75–92.
Narasimha, R., and Kailas, S. V.: 1987, ‘Energy Events in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer’, in H. U. Meier and P. Bradshaw (eds.),Perspectives in Turbulence Studies, Springer-Verlag, pp. 188–222.
Ogawa, Y., and Diosey, P. G.: 1980, ‘Surface Roughness and Thermal Stratification Effects on the Flow Behind a Two-Dimensional Fence II: A Wind Tunnel Study and Similarity Considerations’,Atmos. Environ. 14, 1309–1320.
Plate, Erich J.: 1971, ‘The Aerodynamics of Shelter Belts’,Agriculture Meteorol. 8, 203–222.
Raine, J. K. and Stevenson, D. C.: 1977 ‘Wind Protection by Model Fences in A Simulated Atmospheric Boundary Layer’,J. Ind. Aerodyn. 2, 159–180.
Roshko, A.: 1980, ‘The Plane Mixing Layer, Flow Visualization Results and Three-Dimensional Effects’, in: J. Jimenez (ed.),The Role of Coherent Structures in Modelling Turbulence and Mixing. Lecture notes in Physics, Springer, Vol. 136, pp. 206–217.
Schlichting, H.: 1968,Boundary-Layer Theory, McGraw Hill.
Schols, J. L. J.: 1984, ‘The Detection and Measurement of Turbulent Structures in the Atmospheric Surface Layer’,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 29, 39–58.
Seginer, Ido: 1974, ‘Atmospheric-Stability Effect on Uindbreak Shelter and Drag’,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 8, 383–400.
Seginer, Ido: 1975, ‘Flow Around a Windbreak in Oblique Wind’,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 9, 133–141.
Shil, T.-H.: 1984, ‘Second Order Modelling of Scalar Turbulent Flow’, Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.
Sirovich, L.: 1987, ‘Turbulence and Dynamics of Coherent Structures: I, II, III’,Quart. Appl. Math. 5, 561–590.
Spencer, B. U., and Jones, B. G.: 1971, ‘Statistical Investigation of Pressure and Velocity Fields in the Turbulent Two-Stream Mixing Layer’,AIAA Paper, No. 71-613.
Townsend, A. A.: 1976,The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, Cambridge University Press, 429 pp, 2nd ed.
Townsend, A. A.: 1978, ‘Flow Patterns of Large Eddies in a Wake and in a Boundary Layer’,J. Fluid Mech. 95, 515–537.
Willmarth, W. W., and Lu, S. S.: 1974, ‘Structure of the Reynolds Stress and the Occurrence of Bursts in the Turbulent Boundary Layer’,Advances in Geophysics 18A, 287–314.
Wilson, J. D.: 1985, ‘Numerical Studies of Flow Through a Windbreak’,J. Wind Eng. and Indust. Aerodynmics. 21, 119–154.
Wygnanski, I., and Fiedler, H. E.: 1970, ‘The Two-Dimensional Mixing Region’,J. Fluid Mech. 41, 327–361.
Yule, A. J.: 1980, ‘Phase Scrambling Effects and Turbulence Data Analysis’, in L. J. S. Bradbury et al. (eds.),Turbulent Shear Flow II, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 263–281.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhuang, Y., Wilson, J.D. Coherent motions in windbreak flow. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 70, 151–169 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712527
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712527