Summary
-
1.
To approach the involvement of tissue-specific elements in the compartmentalization of ubiquitous polymorphic proteins, immunohistochemical methods were used to analyze the localization of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inXenopus oocytes microinjected with synthetic BuChEmRNA alone and in combination with tissue-extracted mRNAs.
-
2.
When injected alone BuChEmRNA efficiently directed the synthesis of small membrane-associated accumulations localized principally on the external surface of the oocyte's animal pole. Tunicamycin blocked the appearance of such accumulations, suggesting that glycosylation is involved in the transport of nascent BuChE molecules to the oocyte's surface. Coinjection with brain or muscle mRNA, but not liver mRNA, facilitated the formation of pronounced, tissue-characteristic BuChE aggregates.
-
3.
These findings implicate tissue-specific mRNAs in the assembly of the clone-produced protein and in its nonuniform distribution in the oocyte membrane or extracellular material.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anglister, L., and McMahan, U. J. (1985). Basal lamina directs acetylcholinesterase accumulation at synaptic sites in regenerating muscle.J. Cell Biol. 101735–743.
Barnard, E. A. (1984). Multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and their relationship to muscle function. InCholinesterases: Fundamental and Applied Aspects, Proceedings 2nd International Meeting on Cholinesterases, Bled, Yugoslavia, (M. Brzin, E. A. Barnard, and D. Sket, Eds), de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 49–71.
Barnard, E. A., Miledi, R., and Sumikawa, K. (1982). Translation of exogenous messenger RNA coding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors produces functional receptors in Xenopus oocytes.Proc. R. Soc. London B 215241–246.
Brandan, E., and Inestrosa, N. C. (1986). The synaptic forms of acetylcholinesterase binds to cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans.J. Neurosci. Res. 15185–196.
Brimijoin, S., and Rakonczay, Z. (1986). Immunology and molecular biology of the cholinesterases: Current results and prospects.Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 28363–410.
Couteaux, R. (1955). Localization of cholinesterases at neuromuscular junctions.Int. Rev. Cytol. 4335–375.
Danilchik, M. V., and Gerhardt, J. C. (1987). Differentiation of the animal-vegetal axis in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Dev. Biol. 122101–112.
Dascal, N., Snutch, T. P., Lubbert, H., Davidson, N., and Lester, H. A. (1986). Expression and modulation of voltage gated calcium channels after RNA injection in Xenopus oocytes.Science 2311174–1150.
Dreyfus, P. A., Rieger, F., and Pincon-Raymond, M. (1983). Acetylcholinesterase of mammalian neuro-muscular junctions: Presence of tailed asymmetric acetylcholinesterase in synaptic basal lamina and sarcolemma.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 806698–6702.
Dreyfus, P. A., Zevin-Sonkin, D., Seidman, S., Prody, C., Zisling, R., Zakut, H., and Soreq, H. (1988). Cross-homologies and structural differences between human cholinesterases revealed by antibodies against cDNA-produced butyrylcholinesterase peptides.J. Neurochem. 511858–1867.
Dumont, J. N. (1972). Oogenesis in Xenopus laevis (Daudin) 1. Stages of oocyte development in laboratory maintained animals.J. Morphol. 136153–180.
Ellman, G. L., Courtney, D. K., Anders, V., and Featherstone, R. M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity.Biochem. Pharmacol. 788–95.
Fuller, S. D., Bravo, R., and Simons, K. (1985). An enzymatic assay reveals that proteins destined for the apical or basolateral domains of an epithelial cell line share the same late golgi compartments.EMBO J. 4297–307.
Gibney, G., MacPhee-Quigley, K., Thompson, B., Low, M. G., Taylor, S. S., and Taylor, P. (1988). Divergence in parimary structure between the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase.J. Biol. Chem. 2831140–1145.
Hall, Z. W. (1973). Multiple forms of acetylcholinesterase and their distribution in endplate and non-endplate regions of rat diaphragm muscle.J. Neurobiol. 4343–361.
Houamed, K. M., Bilbe, G., Smart, T. G., Constanti, A., Brown, D. A., Barnard, E. A., and Richards, B. M. (1984). Expression of functional GABA, glycine, and glutamate receptors in Xenopus oocytes injected with rat brain mRNA.Nature 310318–321.
Inestrosa, N. C., Roberts, W. L., Marshall, T. L., and Rosenberry, T. L. (1987). Acetylcholinesterase from bovine caudate nucleus is attached to membranes by a novel subunit distinct from those of acetylcholinesterases in other tissues.J. Biol. Chem. 2624441–4444.
Inestrosa, N. C., Fuentes, M. E., Anglister, L., Futerman, A. H., and Silman, I. (1988). A membrane-associated dimer of acetylcholinesterase from Xenopus skeletal muscle is solubilized by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C.Neurosci. Lett. 90186–190.
Krieg, P. A., and Melton, D. A. (1984). Functional messenger RNAs are produced by SP6 in vitro transcription of cloned cDNAs.Nucleic Acids Res. 127057–7070.
Lockridge, O., and La Du, B. N. (1986). Amio acid sequence of the active site of human serum cholinesterase from usual, atypical and atypical-silient genotypes.Biochem. Genet. 24485–498.
Lockridge, O., Bartels, C. G., Vaughan, T. A., Wong, C. K., Norton, S. E., and Johnson, L. L. (1987). Complete amino acid sequence of human serum cholinesterase.J. Biol. Chem. 262549–557.
Massolulie, J., and Bon, S. (1982). The molecular forms of cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in vertebrates.Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 557–106.
Masu, Y., Nakayama, K., Tamaki, H., Harada, Y., Kuno, M., and Nakanishi, S. (1987). cDNA cloning of bovine substance-K receptor through oocyte expression system.Nature 329836–837.
McMahan, U. J., Sanes, J. R., and Marshall, L. M. (1978). Cholinesterase is associated with the basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction.Nature 271172–174.
Mishina, M., Kurosaki, T., Tobimatsu, T., Morimoto, Y., Noda, M., Yamamoto, T., Terao, M., Lindstrom, J. Takahashi, T., Kuno, M., and Numa, S. (1984). Expression of functional acetylcholine receptor from cloned cDNAs.Nature 307 604–608.
Mollgard, K., Dziegielewska, K. M., Saunders, N. R., Zakut, H., and Soreq, H. (1988). Synthesis and localization of plasma proteins within specific cell types in the developing fetal human brain: Correlation of mRNA translation with immunocytochemistry.Dev. Biol. 128207–221.
Opresko, L. K., and Karpf, R. A. (1987). Specific proteolysis regulates fusion between endocytotic compartments in Xenopus oocytes.Cell 51557–568.
Palecek, J., Habrova, V., Nedvidek, J., and Romanovsky, A. (1985). Dynamics of tubulin structures in Xenopus laevis oogenesis.J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 8775–86.
Prody, C., Gnatt, A., Zevin-Sonkin, D., Goldberg, O., and Soreq, H. (1987). Isolation and characterization of full length cDNA clones coding for human cholinesterase from fetal human tissues.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 843555–3559.
Roberts, W. L., Kim, B. H., and Rosenberry, T. L. (1987). Differences in the glycolipid membrane anchors of bovine and human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterases.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 847817–7821.
Rosenberry, T. (1979). Quantitative simulation of endplate currents at neuromuscular junctions based on the reaction of acetylcholine with acetylcholine receptor and acetylcholinesterase.Biophys. J. 26263–289.
Rotundo, R. L. (1987). Biogenesis and regulation of acetylcholinesterase. InThe Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction, Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 247–284.
Salpeter, M. (1967). Electron microscope radioautography as a quantitative tool in enzyme cytochemistry, I. The distribution of acetylcholinesterase at motor endplates of a vertebrate twitch muscle.J. Cell Biol. 32379–389.
Sikorav, J.-L., Krejci, E., and Massoulie, J. (1987). cDNA sequences of Torpedo marmorata acetylcholinesterase: Primary structure of the precursor of a catalytic subunit; Existence of multiple 5′-untranslated regions.EMBO J. 61865–1873.
Sikorav, J.-L., Duval, N., Anselmet, A., Bon, S., Krejci, E., Legay, C., Osterlund, M., Reimund, B., and Massoulie, J. (1988). Complex alternative splicing of acetylcholinesterase transcripts inTorpedo electric organ; Primary structure of the precursor of the glycolipid-anchored dimeric form.EMBO J. 72983–2993.
Silman, I., and Futerman, A. H. (1987). Modes of attachment of acetylcholinesterase to the surface membrane.Eur. J. Biochem. 10 11–22.
Sorensen, K., Getinetta, R., and Brodbeck, U. (1982). An amphiphile-dependent form of human brain caudate nucleus acetylcholinesterase: Purification and properties.J. Neurochem. 391050–1060.
Soreq, H. (1985). The biosynthesis of biologically active proteins in mRNA microinjected Xenopus oocytes.CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 18199–238.
Soreq, H., Parvari, R., and Silman, I. (1982). Biosynthesis and secretion of catalytically active acetylcholinesterase in Xenopus oocytes microinjected with mRNA from Torpedo electric organ.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79830–834.
Soreq, H., Zevin-Sonkin, D., and Razon, N. (1984). Expression of cholinesterase gene(s) in human brain tissues: Translational evidence for multiple mRNA species.EMBO J. 31371–1375.
Soreq, H., Dziegielewska, K. M., Zevin-Sonkin, D., and Zakut, H. (1986). The use of mRNA translation in vitro and in ovo followed by crossed immunoelectrophoretic autoradiography to study the biosynthesis of human cholinesterases.Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 6227–237.
Soreq, H., Malinger, G., and Zakut, H. (1987). Expression of cholinesterase genes in human oocytes revealed by in-situ hybridization.Hum. Reprod. 2689–693.
Sytkowski, A. J., Vogel, Z., and Nirenberg, M. W. (1973). Development of acetylcholine receptor clusters on cultured muscle cells.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 70270–274.
Toutant, J.-P., and Massoulie, J. (1987). Acetylcholinesterase. InMammalian Ectoenzymes (Kenny and Turner, Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 289–328.
Wallace, B. G. (1986). Aggregating factor from Torpedo electric organ induces patches containing acetylcholine receptors, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase on cultured myotubes.J. Cell Biol. 102783–794.
Wallace, B. G., Nitkin, R. M., Reist, N. E., Fallon, J. R., Moayeri, N. N., and McMahan, U. J. (1985). Aggregates of Acetylcholinesterase induced by acetylcholine-receptor aggregating factor.Nature 315574–577.
Weeks, D. L., and Melton, D. A. (1987). A maternal mRNA localized to the vegetal hemisphere in Xenopus eggs codes for a growth factor related to TGF-beta.Cell 51861–867.
Wischnitzer, S. (1966). InAdvances in Morphogenesis (M. Abercrombie and J. Brachet, Eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 131–179.
Zakut, H., Matzkel, A., Schejter, E., Avni, A., and Soreq, H. (1985). Polymorphism of acetylcholinesterase in discrete regions of the developing human fetal brain.J. Neurochem. 45382–389.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dreyfus, P.A., Seidman, S., Pincon-Raymond, M. et al. Tissue-specific processing and polarized compartmentalization of clone-produced cholinesterase in microinjectedXenopus oocytes. Cell Mol Neurobiol 9, 323–341 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00711413
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00711413