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Structure-direction in zeolite synthesis

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Abstract

The concepts of structure-direction in the synthesis of clathrasils and high-silica molecular sieves are reviewed. The effects of size, geometry, and chemical nature of the organic structure-directing agent on the crystalline structures that are formed are discussed beginning with clathrasils (0-dimensional pore systems) and ending with 12-ring zeolites with 3-dimensional pore systems. Emphasis is focused on the energetic interactions between the organic guest and the inorganic framework. The energetic stability of porous frameworks is compared to the stability of dense pure-silica phases and the effects of trivalent (Al, B) and divalent (Zn) tetrahedral heteroatoms on the structure of zeolites formed is reviewed. The application of structure-directing concepts are described using the syntheses of ZSM-18 and SSZ-26 as examples, and the control over long-range order in zeolites by structure-directing effects is illustrated by the purposeful variation of the stacking probability of SSZ-33-CIT-1 and FAU-EMT intergrowths.

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Authors
  1. Raul F. Lobo
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  2. Stacey I. Zones
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  3. Mark E. Davis
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Lobo, R.F., Zones, S.I. & Davis, M.E. Structure-direction in zeolite synthesis. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 21, 47–78 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00709411

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