Summary
Non-operative stent insertion is a well-accepted means of palliating malignant biliary obstruction. The endoscopic approach is often considered the procedure of choice, with the percutaneous technique reserved for endoscopy failures. We recently encountered a patient in whom both techniques proved unsuccessful initially, and in whom palliation was finally achieved by means of a combined endoscopic and percutaneous transhepatic procedure.
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Pace, R.F., Yeung, E. & Benjamin, I.S. Combined endoscopic and percutaneous stent insertion to overcome a problem of percutaneous stent insertion. Surg Endosc 2, 261–263 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705334
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705334