Literature cited
Ya. E. Gol'dshtein, Microalloying of Steel and Cast Iron [in Russian], Mashgiz, Moscow-Sverdlovsk (1959).
I. N. Golikov, M. L. Gol'dshtein, and I. I. Murzin, Vanadium in Steel [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1968).
K. I. Tushinskaya et al., "Hardening of carbon steel by microalloying and thermome chanical treatment", Transactions of the Novosibirsk Institute of Railroad Transportation Engineers [in Russian], No. 71, Novosibirsk (1968).
K. Z. Shepelyakovskii, A. N. Marshalkin, and V. A. Kanygin, "Effect of the quantity and dispersity of hard-to-dissolve particles on the austenite grain size of steel with 0.6% C", Metalloved Term. Obrab. Met., No. 8, 9 (1973).
A. M. Karpunin et al., "Effect of chemical composition of rail steel on the hardenability", Metall. Gornorudn. Prom., No. 2, 34 (1973).
M. I. Gol'dshtein and S. G. Guterman "Effect of small vanadium additions on the hardenability of carbon structural steel", Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 7, 40 (1964).
M. A. Shtremel' and L. M. Kaputkina, "X-ray analysis of polycrystalline martensite with carbon", Fiz. Met. Metalloved.,32, No. 5, 991 (1971).
E. Houdremont, Special Steels [Russian translation], Vol. II, Metallurgiya, Moscow (1966).
F. F. Khimushin, Heat Resistant Steels and Alloys [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1969).
B. V. Ivanov, N. F. Dubrov, and I. D. Zaitseva, "Fine structure of steels 20FL and 45FL", Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 3, 58 (1973).
Ya. R. Rauzin, "Method of determining the stength of rail steel", Vestn. Vses. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Zheleznodorozhn. Transp., No. 1, 8 (1970).
A. V. Velikanov, "Brittle fracture of rail steel and methods of determining it", in: Production Technology of Railroad Rails [in Russian], Kharkov (1973), p. 91.
Additional information
Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 10, pp. 5–10, October, 1978.