Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Particle formation: Clusters and nuclei

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Cluster Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study of fine particles is a growing area of interest in both the academic and industrial communities. Through investigation of the formation and properties of clusters one can elucidate mechanisms of nucleation and investigate the changing properties of matter as it transcends from gas-like through surface dominated and ultimately to bulk state behavior. This paper provides an overview of the importance of the field and shows examples of how research on small clusters is providing insight into diverse phenomena such as nucleation, changing electronic properties with cluster size, and concomitant influences on reactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. H. Marlow (ed.),Aerosol Microphysics II: Chemical Physics of Microparticles (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1979).J. Aerosol Sci. 10, 183.

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. Jena, B. K. Rao, and S. N. Khanna (eds.),Physics and Chemistry of Small Clusters, NATO ASI Series, Vol. 158 (Plenum Press, New York, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. W. Castleman, Jr., and R. G. Keesee (1988).Science 241, 36.

    Google Scholar 

  5. A. W. Castleman, Jr., and R. G. Keesee (1986).Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 37, 525.

    Google Scholar 

  6. O. Echt, M. C. Cook, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1987).Chem. Phys. Lett. 135, 229.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Xiaolin Yang and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1989).J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 6845.

    Google Scholar 

  8. P. M. Holland and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1980).J. Chem. Phys. 72, 5984.

    Google Scholar 

  9. V. Hermann, B. D. Kay, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1982).Chem. Phys. 72, 185.

    Google Scholar 

  10. R. P. Messmer,The Nature of the Surface Chemical Bond (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1979), pp. 53–111.

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. W. Castleman and R. G. Keesee (1986).Accts. Chem. Res. 19, 413.

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. W. Castleman, Jr.,in A. Zettlemoyer (ed.),Advances in Colloid and Interface Science “Nucleation” (Elsevier Press, Oxford, England, 1979), pp. 73–128.

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. W. Castleman, Jr., P. M. Holland, and R. G. Keesee (1978).J. Chem. Phys. 68, 1760.

    Google Scholar 

  14. P. M. Holland and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1982).J. Phys. Chem. 86, 4181.

    Google Scholar 

  15. N. Lee, R. G. Keesee, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1980).J. Colloid Interface Sci. 75, 555.

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. S. Lian, I. N. Tang, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1976).J. Chem. Phys. 65, 4022.

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. W. Castleman, Jr., and R. G. Keesee (1986).Chem. Rev. 86, 589–618.

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. G. Keesee and A. W. Castleman, Jr.,in J. Maier (ed.),Ion and Cluster Spectroscopy and Structure (Elsevier, New York, 1989), pp. 275–327.

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. W. Castleman, Jr., and R. G. Keesee,in G. Benedik, T. P. Martin, and G. Pocchioni (eds.),Elemental and Molecular Clusters in Materials Science (1988), pp. 307–328.

  20. P. D. Dao, S. Morgan, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1984).Chem. Phys. Lett. 111, 38.

    Google Scholar 

  21. P. D. Dao, S. Morgan, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1985).Chem. Phys. Lett. 113, 219.

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. J. Breen, K. Kilgore, S. Wei, W.-B. Tzeng, R. G. Keesee, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1989).J. Chem. Phys. 90, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  23. K. I. Peterson, P. D. Dao, R. W. Farley, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1984).J. Chem. Phys. 80, 1780.

    Google Scholar 

  24. P. D. Dao, K. I. Peterson, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1984).J. Chem. Phys. 80, 563.

    Google Scholar 

  25. K. Rademann, B. Kaiser, U. Evan, and F. Hensel (1987).Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2319.

    Google Scholar 

  26. C. Bréchignac, M. Broyer, Ph. Cahuzac, G. Delacretaz, P. Labastie, J. P. Wolf, and L. Wöste (1988).Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 275.

    Google Scholar 

  27. A. W. Castleman, Jr., and R. G. Keesee (1986).Zeitschrift für Physik 3, 167.

    Google Scholar 

  28. R. W. Farley, P. J. Ziemann, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1989).Zeitschrift für Physik D 14, 353.

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. W. Farley and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1989).J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 2735.

    Google Scholar 

  30. R. W. Farley,Reactions of Neutral Gas Phase Metal Clusters (Ph.D. thesis, The University of Colorado, 1988).

  31. R. W. Farley and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1990).J. Phys. Chem. 92, 1790.

    Google Scholar 

  32. R. E. Leuchner, A. C. Harms, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1989).J. Chem. Phys. 91, 2753.

    Google Scholar 

  33. R. E. Leuchtner, A. C. Harms, and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1990).J. Chem. Phys. 92, 6527.

    Google Scholar 

  34. W. A. de Heer and W. D. Knight,Elemental and Molecular Clusters, Springer Series in Materials Science 6 (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988), pp. 45–63.

    Google Scholar 

  35. P. J. Ziemann and A. W. Castleman, Jr. (1990).

  36. R. S. Berry, S. A. Rice, and J. Ross,Physical Chemistry (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, Pennsylvania

    A. W. Castleman Jr.

Authors
  1. A. W. Castleman Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Castleman, A.W. Particle formation: Clusters and nuclei. J Clust Sci 1, 3–27 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00703584

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00703584

Key words

Search

Navigation