Conclusions
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1.
On the basis of operating tests with universal joints of the ZIL-130 and ZIL-133 automobiles, standard carbon steel 45 looks very promising for bulk-surface hardening of parts with working dimensions ∼30 mm.
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2.
After bulk-surface hardening the static and fatigue strengths of ZIL-130 universal joints of steel 45 exceed those of steel 18KhGT after carburizing.
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Literature cited
K. Z. Shepelyakovskii, Surface Hardening of Machine Parts [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1972), p. 174.
E. I. Natanzon and L. S. Temyanko, "Simultaneous hardening of halfaxles of trucks," Avtom. Prom., No. 10 (1976).
V. D. Zelenova et al., "Effect of preliminary heat treatment on the dispersity of inclusions and austenite grain size," Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 11, 30 (1966).
Additional information
Moscow Automobile Factory. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 9, pp. 8–10, September, 1980.
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Ognevskii, V.A., Ostrovskii, G.A., Ryskind, A.M. et al. Use of steel 45 for bulk-surface hardening of universal joints. Met Sci Heat Treat 22, 627–630 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00700683
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00700683