Abstract
This paper reports results of an experimental study of a cw 118.6 μm H2O waveguide laser. The laser cavity is a 3 cm inner diameter, 3.2 m long Pyrex tube, with plane reflectors against its ends, one of them being a copper mesh coupler. The active medium is a H2O:H2 gas mixture. Successive optimizations lead to a reliable output power of 50 mW, for the EH11 mode. The power density is the highest ever reported, and the stability is such that the power drifts by less than 2% per hour. This laser is competitive with the optically pumped 118.8 μm CH3OH laser.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Rosenbluth, R. J. Temkin, K. J. Button: Appl. Opt.15, 2635–2644 (1976)
J. J. Gallagher, M. D. Blue, B. Bean, S. Perkowitz: Infrared Phys.17, 43–55 (1977)
M. Yamanaka: J. Opt. Soc. Am.67, 952–958 (1977)
E. Holzhäuxer: Infrared Phys.16, 135–143 (1976)
P. Belland, D. Véron, L. B. Whitbourn: Appl. Opt.15, 3047–3053 (1976)
P. Belland, D. Véron: IEEE J. QE 16, 885–889 (1980)
D. Véron, J. Certain, J. P. Crenn,: J. Opt. Soc. Am67, 964–967 (1977)
The JET Project, Rep. EUR 5791 e, Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (May 1977)
S. M. Wolfe, K. J. Button, J. Waldman, D. R. Cohn: Appl. Opt.15, 2645–2648 (1976)
M. Yamanaka, Y. Takeda, S. Tanigawa, A. Nishizawa, N. Noda, J. Fujita, M. Takai, M. Shimobayashi, Y. Hayashi, T. Koizumi, K. Nagasaka, S. Okajima, Y. Tsunawaki, A. Nagashima: Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves1, 57–76 (1980)
A. Crocker, H. A. Gebbie, M. F. Kimmit, L. E. S. Mathias: Nature201, 250–251 (1964)
G. T. Flesher, W. M. Müller: Proc. IEEE54, 543–546 (1966)
L. E. S. Mathias, A. Crocker: Phys. Lett.13, 35–36 (1964)
W. M. Müller, G. T. Flesher: Appl. Phys. Lett.8, 217–218 (1966)
M. A. Pollack, T. J. Bridges, W. J. Tomlinson: Appl. Phys. Lett.10, 253–256 (1967)
L. Frenkel, T. Sullivan, M. A. Pollack, T. J. Bridges: Appl. Phys. Lett.11, 344–345 (1967)
B. Hartmann, B. Kleman: Appl. Phys. Lett12, 168–170 (1968)
W. S. Benedict: Appl. Phys. Lett.12, 170–173 (1968)
M. A. Pollack, W. J. Tomlinson: Appl. Phys. Lett.12, 173–176 (1968)
W. S. Benedict, M. A. Pollack, W. J. Tomlinson III: IEEE J. QE5, 108–124 (1969)
K. M. Evenson, J. S. Wells, L. M. Matarrese, L. B. Elwell: Appl. Phys. Lett.16, 159–161 (1970)
J. P. Pichamuthu, J. C. Hassler, P. D. Coleman: Appl. Phys. Lett.19, 510–512 (1971)
L. O. Hocker, A. Javan: Phys. Lett.26A, 255–256 (1968)
J. R. Birch, W. J. Burroughs, R. J. Emery: Infrared Phys.9, 75–83 (1969)
T. G. Blaney, N. R. Cross, D. J. E. Knight: J. Phys. D. (Appl. Phys.)9, 2175–2180 (1976)
H. Kempkens, J. Uhlenbusch: Physica C95, 277–284 (1978)
H. Kempkens, R. Mann, J. Uhlenbush: Infrared Phys.19, 585–592 (1979)
C. C. Bradley: Infrared Phys.12, 287–299 (1972)
C. C. Bradley, G. Edwards, D. J. E. Knight: Radio Electron. Eng.42, 321–327 (1972)
P. Woskoboinikov, W. C. Jennings: Appl. Phys. Lett.27, 658–660 (1975)
Y. Yasuoka, P. Burlamacchi, S. Y. Wang, T. K. Gustafson: IEEE J. QE15, 614–616 (1979)
P. Belland, J. P. Crenn: Appl. Opt.18, 1513–1517 (1979)
P. Schwaller, H. Steffen, J. F. Moser, F. K. Kneubühl: Appl. Opt.6, 827–829 (1967)
D. A. Huchital, J. D. Rigden: IEEE J. QE3, 378–379 (1967)
W. Espe:Materials of Hight Vacuum Technology, Vol. 1, (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1966)
D. R. Smith, E. V. Loewenstein: Appl. Opt.14, 1335–1341 (1975)
Polyethylene samples are manufactured by S.C.E.R.T. F-92230 Gennevilliers
P. Belland, D. Véron, L. B. Whitbourn: J. Phys. D8, 2113–2123 (1975)
R. Ulrich, T. J. Bridges, M. A. Pollack: Appl. Opt.9, 2511–2516 (1970)
Electroformed copper meshes are manufactured by Buckbee Mears Co., Minnesota, USA
S. F. Dyubko, V. A. Svich, R. A. Valitov: Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys.13, 1596–1597 (1969);14, 855–858 (1969)
A. F. Krupnov, V. A. Skvortsov, L. A. Sinegubko: Radio Eng. Electron. Phys.14, 1170–1171 (1969)
W. J. Sarjeant, F. Brannen: IEEE. J. QE5, 620–621 (1969)
J. P. Pichamuthu, J. C. Hassler, G. H. Sherman, P.D. Coleman: IEEE J. QE9, 244–245 (1973)
J. S. Wells, K. M. Evenson, L. M. Matarrese, D. A. Jennings, G. L. Wichman: N.B.S. Tech. Note 395 (January 1971)
E. A. J. Marcatili, R. A. Schmeltzer: Bell Syst. Tech. J.43, 1783–1808 (1964)
A. Minoh, T. Shimizu, S. Kobayashi, K. Shimoda: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.6, 921–930 (1967)
W. F. Lambt: Phys. Rev.134, 1429–1450 (1964)
P. Belland, A. I. Ciura, L. B. Whitbourn: Opt. Commun.11, 21–26 (1974)
D. T. Hodges, F. B. Foote, R. D. Reel: IEEE J. QE13 491–494 (1977)
T. G. Blaney, N. R. Cross, D. J. E. Knight, G. J. Edwards, P. R. Pearce: J. Phys. D (Appl. Phys.)13, 1365–1370 (1980)