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Transformations in high-speed steels during tempering

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Metal Science and Heat Treatment Aims and scope

Conclusions

  1. 1.

    Ferromagnetic carbides of the cementite type are present in the steel after quenching (without tempering) and after tempering at temperatures below 620° for 1 h. Carbides of the cementite type have the shape of thin platelets with a length up to 100 Å (tempering at 200°), up to 1000 Å (tempering at 350°), and up to 2000 Å (tempering at 500° and higher).

  2. 2.

    MC secondary carbides (VC) are precipitated in the process of tempering at temperatures ≥540°. The electrochemical properties of these dispersed carbides and MC carbides differ greatly after quenching or annealing. The properties become similar with increasing tempering temperatures.

  3. 3.

    M2C secondary carbides and chromium carbides are precipitated during tempering at 560–580° and higher, and M6C carbides with tempering above 640–650°. No preferential precipitation of special carbides on cementite particles or the boundaries of martensite crystals, twins, or other lattice defects was observed.

  4. 4.

    Precipitation of special carbides is accompanied by a reduction of the austenite and martensite lattice constant. Formation of M6C carbides is observed after almost complete isothermal transformation of retained austenite and reduction of the lattice constant of α phase to a value close to that obtained after annealing.

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Authors
  1. I. K. Kupalova
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Additional information

All-Union Scientific-Research Tool Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55–60, July, 1980.

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Kupalova, I.K. Transformations in high-speed steels during tempering. Met Sci Heat Treat 22, 522–527 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00693598

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