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Morpho-histochemical study of the action of trifluoperazine on the brain of white rats

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Summary

After administration of trifluoperazine to rats in doses of 1–250 mg/kg intramuscularly ofper os they developed sluggishness, motor inhibition and catalepsy. After discontinuance of trifluoperazine administration the behaviour of the rats becomes completely normal.

Morphologically the brains of the rats exhibited a homogenisation of the walls of some blood vessels and in some cases the cerebral cortex showed slight venous stasis. In some regions of the cerebral cortex the number of hyperchromic and wrinkled nerve cells increased. The hyperchromasia in the cerebral nerve cells of the rats in large measure reflected the increase in RNA, proteins, SH-groups and, partly, polysaccharides. With a certain predominance of cells with a high RNA content there were cells with a very low RNA content. Such variability was particularly clearly marked in the series of subacute and acute experiments. The activity of acid phosphatase and succino-dehydrogenase in the brains of rats, which were given large doses of trifluoperazine, somewhat diminished.

The results of this morpho-histochemical study show that trifluperazine acts redominantly on the cerebral cortex of rats. The changes in subcortical structures are less pronounced. In the cerebellum the action of the drug affects some Purkinje cells.

Trifluoperazine possesses little toxicity. Administered even in large doses it fails to cause dystrophic changes in the brain. The changes revealed by morpho-histochemical methods and resulting from the action of the drug administered in small (“therapeutic”) and lethal doses do not differe sharply. On the whole, trifluoperazine causes in the CNS of rats, only slight changes, which, according to our morpho-histochemical study, are reversible.

Résumé

Après introduction aux rats blancs par voie intramusculaire ou perorale de stélazine aux doses de 1 à 250 mg (kg de poids) apparaît chez les animaux une inertie, une inhibition motrice et s'installe la catalepsie. Après l'arrêt de l'introduction de stélazine le comportement des rats devient tou à fait normal.

Morphologiquement est observée dans le cerveau des rats une homogénisation des parois de certains vaisseaux sanguins et dans certains cas dans l'écorce cérébrale est mise en évidence une stase veineuse faiblement marquée. Dans certaines zones de l'écorce cérébrale est augmenté le nombre des cellules nerveuses hyperchromes et ratatinées. L'hyperchromie des cellules nerveuses observée dans le cerveau des rats reflète en grande mesure l'augmentation du taux de l'acide ribonucléiqne, des protéines, des groupes SH et en partie des polysaccharides. Bien qu'il y a une certaine prédominance des cellules à taux élevé d'ARN s'y observent des cellules à taux de ARN très bas. Cette variabilité est particulièrement marquée dans la série d'expériences subaiguës et aiguës. L'activité des ferments de la phosphatase acide et de la succintdéhydrogénase dans le cervau des rats traités par fortes doses de stélazine est un peu diminuée.

Les résultats de l'étude morpho-histochimique montrent que la stélazine exerce une action de préférence sur l'écorce du cerveau des rats. Les mofifications sont moins marquées dans les structures sous-corticales. Dans le cervelet, l'effet du médicament est observé dans certaines cellules de Purkinje.

La stélazine est peu toxique. Employée même à des doses fortes elle ne provoque pas d'altérations dystrophiques dans le cerveau. Les altérations mises en évidence par les méthodes morphohistochimiques après action du médicament aux doses basses («thérapeutiques») et aux doses mortelles diffèrent d'une façon peu marquée. La stélazine provoque en somme dans le système nerveux central des rats des modifications peu marquées, lesquelles d'après les données de l'étude morpho-histochimiques sont réversibles.

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This study was reported to the International Symposium on Psychopharmacology in the Polish Pepple's Republic (Wroclaw, May 1965).

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Romasenko, V.A., Jacobson, I.S. Morpho-histochemical study of the action of trifluoperazine on the brain of white rats. Acta Neuropathol 12, 23–32 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00685307

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