Summary
The AMP deaminase has been purified 450–500 fold from 20,000 g supernatants from trout gill. The procedure comprised cellulose phosphate and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The gill appeared to contain different isoenzymes as indicated by different chromatographic behaviour on cellulose phosphate and different heat stabilities. The two major isoenzymes were compared with respect to their pH optima and the effect of temperature, ATP and inorganic phosphate. The pH optimum is about pH 6.7 at low substrate concentration. A second optimum is found in phosphate buffer. The substrate saturation curve is hyperbolic, even in the absence of KCl or ATP. ATP is an activator of the enzyme in the absence of KCl, but is without effect in the presence of monovalent cations. Among the monovalent cations tested, Na+ is the most potent activator followed by K+ and NH +4 . Inorganic phosphate is an inhibitor of gill AMP deaminase increasing the affinity for its substrate but having no effect on the maximal velocity or the Hill coefficient. The inhibition by phosphate is partially reversed by ATP. ADP and GTP are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. In addition, the enzyme showed negative cooperativity in the presence of ATP or GTP.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Askari A, Franklin JE (1965) Effects of monovalent cations and ATP on erythrocyte AMP deaminase. Biochim Biophys Acta 110:162–173
Barsacchi R, Ranieri-Raggi M, Bergamini C, Raggi A (1979) Adenylate metabolism in the heart. Regulatory properties of rabbit cardiac adenylate deaminase. Biochem J 182:361–366
Bereznowski Z, Stankiewicz A, Makarewicz W (1981) Deamination of adenosine 5′-phosphate and adenosine as a possible source of ammonia in human and bovine parotid glands. Clin Sci 60:565–569
Chaney AL, Marbach EP (1962) Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin Chem 8:130–135
Chapman AG, Atkinson DE (1973) Stabilization of adenylate energy charge by the adenylate deaminase reaction. J Biol Chem 248:8309–8312
Chung L, Bridger WA (1976) Activation of rabbit cardiac AMP aminohydrolase by ADP: a component of a mechanism guarding against ATP depletion. FEBS Lett 64:338–340
Conway EJ, Cooke R (1939) The deaminases of adenosine and adenylic acid in blood and tissues. Biochem J 33:479–492
Cunningham B, Lowenstein JM (1965) Regulation of adenylate deaminase by adenosine triphosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta 96:535–537
Davuluri SP, Hird FJR, Stanley IJ (1981) On the significance of adenylic acid aminohydrolase in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol 68B:369–375
Gibbs KL, Bishop SH (1977) Adenosine triphosphate-activated adenylate deaminase from marine invertebrate animals. Properties of the enzyme from lugworm (Arenicola cristata) body-wall muscle. Biochem J 163:511–516
Guinier D (1979) Bioinformatique: réalisation d'un sous-système interactif et conversationnel, son application dans l'exploitation des données expérimentales en biologie. Thesis n0 265, University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg
Kalckar HM (1947) Differential spectrophotometry of purine compounds by means of specific enzymes. II. Determination of adenine compounds. J Biol Chem 167:445–459
Kaletha K, Skladanowski A (1979) Regulatory properties of rat heart AMP deaminase. Biochim Biophys Acta 568:80–90
Keck K (1971) A new gradient mixer for column chromatography. Anal Biochem 39:288–296
Lee YP, Wang MH (1968) Studies of the nature of the inhibitory action of inorganic phosphate, fluoride, and detergents on 5′-adenylic acid deaminase activity and on the activation by adenosine triphosphate. J Biol Chem 243:2260–2265
Leray C, Raffin JP, Winninger C (1979) Aspects of purine metabolism in the gill epithelium of rainbow troutSalmo gairdneri Richardson. Comp Biochem Physiol 62B:31–40
Lowenstein JM (1972) Ammonia production in muscle and other tissues: the purine nucleotide cycle. Physiol Rev. 52:382–414
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275
Makarewicz W (1963) AMP-aminohydrolase and glutaminase activities in the kidneys and gills of some freshwater vertebrates. Acta Biochim Pol 10:363–369
Makarewicz W, Zydowo M (1962) Comparative studies on some ammonia-producing enzymes in the excretory organs of vertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol 6:269–275
Marquardt DW (1963) An algorithm for least squares estimation of non-linear parameters. J Soc Indust Appl Math 11:431–441
Mendicino J, Muntz JA (1958) The activating effect of adenosine triphosphate on brain adenylic deaminase. J Biol Chem 233:178–183
Montali U, Raggi A (1977) Studies to correlate the catalytic and molecular properties of skeletal muscle AMP deaminase. Ital J Biochem 26:389–390
Murakami K (1979) AMP deaminase from baker's yeast. Kinetic and molecular properties. J Biochem (Tokyo) 86:1331–1336
Ogasawara N, Goto H, Watanabe T, Kawamura Y, Yoshino M (1974a) Multiple forms of AMP deaminase in various rat tissues. FEBS Lett 44:63–66
Ogasawara N, Goto H, Watanabe T, Kawamura Y, Yoshino M (1974b) AMP deaminase from rat brain: purification and characterization of multiple forms. Biochim Biophys Acta 364:353–364
Raffin JP (1981) AMP deaminase from trout gill. Localization of the activating proteinase. Mol Physiol 1:223–234
Raffin JP, Leray C (1979) AMP deaminase in the gill of trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). Modalities of an activation by cellular proteolytic enzymes. Comp Biochem Physiol 62B:23–29
Raffin JP, Leray C (1980) Comparative study on AMP deaminase in gill, muscle and blood of fish. Comp Biochem Physiol 67B:533–540
Raggi A, Ranieri-Raggi M (1979) Negative homotropic cooperativity in rat muscle AMP deaminase. A kinetic study on the inhibition of the enzyme by ATP. Biochim Biophys Acta 566:353–361
Raggi A, Bergamini C, Ronca G (1975) Isozymes of AMP deaminase in red and white skeletal muscles. FEBS Lett 58:19–23
Ranieri-Raggi M, Raggi A (1979) Regulation of skeletal muscle AMP deaminase. Effects of limited proteolysis on the activity of the rabbit enzyme. FEBS Lett 102:59–63
Ranieri-Raggi M, Raggi A (1980) Effects of storage on activity and subunit structure of rabbit skeletal muscle AMP deaminase. Biochem J 189:367–368
Sabina RL, Swain JL, Patten BM, Ashizawa T, O'Brien WE, Holmes EW (1980) Disruption of the purine nucleotide cycle. A potential explanation for muscle dysfunction in myoadenylate deaminase deficiency. J Clin Invest 66:1419–1423
Sadasivudu B, Rao TI, Murthy CR (1980) Studies on AMP deaminase and 5′-nucleotidase in rat brain under different experimental conditions. J Neurosci Res 5:281–289
Seligson D, Seligson H (1951) A microdiffusion method for the determination of nitrogen liberated as ammonia. J Lab Clin Med 38:324–330
Setlow B, Lowenstein JM (1967) Adenylate deaminase. II. Purification and some regulatory properties of the enzyme from calf brain. J Biol Chem 242:607–615
Setlow B, Lowenstein JM (1968a) Adenylate deaminase. V. Effect of alkali metals and magnesium ions on activity. J Biol Chem 243:6216–6221
Setlow B, Lowenstein JM (1968b) Adenylate deaminase. IV. Nucleotide specificity of the enzyme from calf brain with special reference to guanosine triphosphate. J Biol Chem 243:3409–3415
Shiraki H, Miyamoto S, Matsuda Y, Momose E, Nakagawa H (1981) Possible correlation between binding of muscle-type AMP deaminase to myofibrils and ammoniogenesis in rat skeletal muscle on electrical stimulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 100:1099–1103
Skladanowski A, Kaletha K, Zydowo M (1979) Potassium-dependent regulation by ATP and ADP of AMP deaminase from beef heart. Int J Biochem 10:177–181
Smiley KL, Berry AJ, Suelter CH (1967) An improved purification, crystallisation, and some properties of rabbit muscle 5′-adenylic acid deaminase. J Biol Chem 242:2502–2506
Smiley KL, Suelter CH (1967) Univalent cations as allosteric activators of muscle adenosine-5′-phosphate deaminase. J Biol Chem 242:1980–1981
Solano C, Coffee CJ (1978) Differential response of AMP de-aminase isozymes to changes in the adenylate energy charge. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 85:564–571
Solano C, Coffee CJ (1979) Comparison of AMP deaminase from skeletal muscle of acidotic and normal rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 582:369–379
Stankiewicz A (1978) AMP deaminase. Postepy Biochem 24:243–264
Stankiewicz A, Spychala J (1981) Comparative studies on AMP deaminase. V. Change of enzyme activity during storage. Comp Biochem Physiol 70B:821–824
Stelmach H, Jaroszewicz L (1981) Pig thyroid AMP deaminase. Purification and some properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 101:144–152
Van den Berghe G, Bronfman M, Vanneste R, Hers HG (1977) The mechanism of adenosine triphosphate depletion in the liver after a load of fructose. A kinetic study of liver adenylate deaminase. Biochem J 162:601–609
Van Waarde A (1981) Nitrogen metabolism in goldfishCarasius auratus (L.). Activities of transamination reactions, purine nucleotide cycle and glutamate dehydrogenase in goldfish tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol 68B:407–413
Van Waarde A, Kesbeke F (1981) Regulatory properties of AMP deaminase from lateral red muscle and dorsal white muscle of goldfish,Carassius auratus (L.). Comp Biochem Physiol 69B:413–423
Weil-Malherbe H, Green RH (1955) Ammonia formation in brain. 2. Brain adenylic deaminase. Biochem J 61:218–224
Yoshino M, Murakami K, Tsushima K (1979) AMP deaminase from baker's yeast. Purification and some regulatory properties. Biochim Biophys Acta 570:157–166
Zielke CL, Suelter CH (1971) Purine, purine nucleoside, and purine nucleotide aminohydrolases. In: Boyer PD (e) The enzymes, 3rd edn, vol 4. Academic Press, London New-York, pp 47–78
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Raffin, JP. Purification and properties of trout gill AMP deaminase. J Comp Physiol B 154, 55–63 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00683216
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00683216