Abstract
We study the temperature-equilibration process of fluids at constant volume in a thermal conductivity cell, where an initial temperature gradient relaxes to zero. The calculation is performed in the linear approximation for a pure fluid and a binary mixture. Near the critical point of the pure fluid, the adiabatic heating process, which takes place at constant volumeV, causes equilibration to proceed four times faster whenC P /C V ≫1 than for the process at constant pressureP. For the mixtures, the relaxation rate enhancement at constantV compared with constantP is restricted to a temperature region where the coupling between temperature and mass diffusion is small. The predictions are compared with experimental results for3He and for two3He-4He mixtures along their critical isochores. Finally, we discuss the thermal relaxation in the two-phase (liquid-gas) and one-phase (gas) regimes at the critical density, as measured with a conductivity and a calorimetry cell. The contrasting behavior for3He and a3He-4He mixture in these two regimes and under these different constraints is pointed out and discussed.
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Behringer, R.P., Onuki, A. & Meyer, H. Thermal equilibration of fluids near the liquid-vapor critical point:3He and3He-4He mixtures. J Low Temp Phys 81, 71–102 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00683153
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00683153