Abstract
We present a theory of the response ofd-wave superconductors to weak applied fields, by taking account of the Coulomb interaction and all the collective degrees of freedom as well as crystal symmetry. We choose two representative phases: the dγ phase, which has point nodes in the energy gap, and theY 2−1 phase, which has line as well as point nodes. The former is a self-consistent solution for cubic as well as spherical symmetries and the latter is one for spherical, cubic, and hexagonal symmetries. We obtain obviously gauge-invariant expressions for the order-parameter fluctuations and the currents, having forms common not only to thed-wave states, but also to thep-wave states studied earlier. We also investigate the collective excitations; in the long-wavelength limit for spherically symmetric systems, there are, on the frequency-temperature plane, seven branches for eachd-wave phase considered, in addition to the common plasma mode and orbital Goldstone modes resulting from the spontaneous breakdown of the rotational invariance. In theY 2−1-phase two eigenmodes are found to become gapless at a finite temperature, below which they are purely imaginary. This implies instability of the phase. The effect of crystal anisotropy on the collective spectra is also studied.
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A preliminary report on the present work was published inJpn. J. Appl. Phys. Suppl. 26-3, 167 (1987).
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Hirashima, D.S., Namaizawa, H. Collective modes and a theory of response ofd-wave superconductors. J Low Temp Phys 73, 137–160 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00681747
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00681747