Abstract
We investigate the restrictions on scalar-tensor theories of gravitation implied by the assumptions: (i) the field equations are derivable from an action principle, (ii) units of mass length and time are defined by atomic standards, and (iii) the principle of equivalence holds whenever gravitational self-energy can be neglected. We show that in all these theories the presence of gravitational energy in a system leads to violations of the principle of equivalence.
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Ohanian, H.C. Scalar-tensor theories and the principle of equivalence. Int J Theor Phys 4, 273–280 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00674280
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00674280