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Zur Klinik und Pathologie der Uterussarkome

Sarcoma of the uterus. A clinical and pathological study

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Summary

33 histologically verified cases of uterine sarcomas encountered among the gynaecological admissions to the woman's hospital of the University of Hamburg between 1953 and 1970 have been analysed in a clinical and histopathological study. During this period 19 leiomyosarcomas of the uterus, 11 endometrial sarcomas and 3 angiosarcomas were registrated. The average age for leiomyosarcomas was 48 years. In 17 of the 19 cases the treatment consisted in hysterectomy followed by postoperative irradiation in 14 cases. 8 patients survived 15 years without recurrence.

The average age for endometrical sarcomas was 51.5 years and 63.5 for mixed endometrial sarcomas. The mixed endometrial sarcomas show a wide variety of histological patterns including as well homologeous as heterologeous elements. Prognosis is bad for the entire group of endometrial sarcomas. The presence of specifically differentiated tissue components in mixed tumours is regarded as an important prognostic factor. Thus rhabdomyoblasts and osteoid tissue indicate a highly malignant tumour while chondromatous elements provide a better prognosis.

Treatment of choice for all uterine sarcomas is radical surgery. The effect of irradiation depends on the histological type and the mitotic rate of the tumour. Both leiomyosarcomas and mixed endometrial sarcomas are highly resistant to irradiation. Therefore exact histopathological classification in routine diagnosis is of great importance for both individualized therapy and prognostic evaluation.

Zusammenfassung

33 histologisch gesicherte Fälle von Uterussarkomen aus dem Krankengut der Universitäts-Frauenklinik Hamburg der Jahre 1953–1970 wurden nach klinischen und pathologisch-anatomischen Gesichtspunkten ausgewertet. In 19 Fällen handelte es sich um Leiomyosarkome verschiedener Differenzierung, in 11 Fällen um endometriale Sarkome und in 3 Fällen um Gefäßgeschwülste. Bei den Leiomyosarkomen betrug das Durchschnittsalter der Patientinnen 48 Jahre. Die Behandlung bestand in 17 von 19 Fällen in der Hysterektomie, 14mal mit postoperativer Strahlentherapie. 8 Patientinnen waren bis zu 15 Jahren rezidivfrei. Bei den reinen Schleimhautsarkomen betrug das Durchschnittsalter 51,5 Jahre, bei den gemischten endometrialen Sarkomen 63,5 Jahre. Die gemischten Schleimhautsarkome sind eine formenreiche Gruppe mit homologen (organspezifischen) und heterologen (organfremden) Gewebsanteilen. Die Prognose ist für alle endometrialen Sarkome als ungünstig anzusehen. Innerhalb der heterogenen Gruppe gibt es von der Art der Strukturkomponenten bestimmte Unterschiede im Malignitätsgrad. Extrem schlecht ist die Prognose bei den gemischten Schleimhautsarkomen. Rhabdomyoblasten und knochenbildende Elemente weisen auf äußerst malignes Verhalten hin, chondroplastische Tumoren zeigen im allgemeinen günstigere Verläufe.

Für die Behandlung der Uterussarkome gilt als Methode der Wahl die radikale Chirurgie. Die Strahlenempfindlichkeit variiert anscheinend erheblich, abhängig von der feinstrukturellen Eigenheit und der Mitoserate. Die Leiomyosarkome und die gemischten mesodermalen Geschwülste sind außerordentlich strahlenresistent. Für Prognose und individuell angepaßte Therapie ist die präzise histopathologische Diagnose in der Routinediagnostik notwendig.

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Böcker, W., Stegner, H.E. Zur Klinik und Pathologie der Uterussarkome. Arch. Gynak. 216, 235–255 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00668621

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