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Low-mass protostars and protostellar stages

An Observational Perspective

  • Session A: Protostellar & Pre-Main Sequence Shells and Disks
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Abstract

The use of sensitive receivers on large ground-based radiotelescopes such as the JCMT, the IRAM 30 m MRT, and the VLA has recently yielded significant progress in our observational understanding of low-mass protostars. Submillimeter continuum observations suggest that the youngest stellar objects detected in the near-/mid-IR range -the so-called Class I sources or “infrared protostars” - have only residual amounts of circumstellar material and are thus relatively evolved. At the same time, a smaller number of colder and more obscured YSOs - designated “Class 0” - characterized by virtually no emission below 10µm but strong submillimeter emission have been identified. These Class 0 or “submillimeter protostars” have not yet assembled the bulk of their final stellar mass, and correspond to the youngest protostar stage known to date (probable age ≲ 104 yr). Direct evidence for gravitational infall has been found in some of these sources confirming their protostellar nature. However, most (if not all) Class 0 protostars already drive highly collimated CO outflows.

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  1. Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, CEA, Service d'Astrophysique, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

    Philippe André

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André, P. Low-mass protostars and protostellar stages. Astrophys Space Sci 224, 29–42 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00667817

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