Abstract
Risk factors for breast cancer were compared in 107 women with interval breast cancer (cancers occurring within 2 years after a negative screen) and 258 women with breast cancer detected at 1st screening. All women (aged 40–67) were screened in the DOM project (the Utrecht programme for the early detection of breast cancer). Women with an interval cancer reported more often a history of benign breast disease (OR 4.66, 95% C.I. 2.08-10.41) and an artificial menopause (OR 4.07; 95% C.I. 1.74-9.55) than women with a screen detected cancer. Women with an interval cancer were taller than women with a screen detected cancer; this was seen most clearly in women with an artificial menopause (X 2 for trend = 5.88; p = 0.02) and to a lesser extent in premenopausal women (X 2 for trend = 1.70; p = 0.19). Premenopausal women with an interval cancer were heavier than women with a screen detected cancer (X 2 for trend = 4.66; p = 0.03); whereas natural postmenopausal women with an interval cancer were leaner than women with a screen detected cancer (X 2 for trend = 1.57; p = 0.21). All analyses were done while correcting for age and selected other risk factors for breast cancer.
These results suggest that the epidemiological profile of pre- and post-menopausal women with an interval cancer differs from that of women with a screen detected cancer, which might imply a different natural history of these two types of breast tumours.
References
DeGroote R, Rush BF, Milazzo J, Warden MJ, Rocko JM: Interval breast cancer: a more aggressive subset of breast neoplasms. Surgery 94: 543–47, 1983
Heuser LS, Spratt JS, Kuhns JG, Chang AF-C, Polk HC Jr, Buchanan JB: The association of pathologic and mammographic characteristics of primary human breast cancers with ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ growth rates and with axillary lymph node metastases. Cancer 53: 96–98, 1984
Frisell J, Eklund G, Hellström L, Somell A: Analysis of interval breast carcinomas in a randomized screening trial in Stockholm. Breast Cancer Res Treat 9: 219–25, 1987
Andersson I: What can we learn from interval carcinomas? Recent Results Cancer Res 90: 161–63, 1984
Kallioniemi O-P, Kärkkäinen A, Auvinen O, Mattila J, Koivula T, Hakama M: DNA flow cytometric analysis indicates that many breast cancers detected in the first round of mammographic screening have a low malignant potential. Int J Cancer 42: 697–702, 1988
Joensuu H, Toikkanen S, Klemi PJ: Histopathologic features, DNA content and prognosis of breast carcinoma found incidentally or in screening. Br J Cancer 64: 588–592, 1991
Klemi PJ, Joensuu H, Toikkanen S, Tuominen J, Räsänen O, Tyrkkö, Parvinen I: Aggressiveness of breast cancers found with and without screening. Br Med J 304: 467–69, 1992
De Waard F, Collette HJA, Rombach JJ, Baanders-van Halewijn EA, Honing C: The DOM project for the early detection of breast cancer, Utrecht, the Netherlands. J Chronic Dis 37: 1–44, 1984
Collette HJA, Day NE, Rombach JJ, De Waard F: Evaluation of screening for breast cancer in a non-randomised study (the DOM project) by means of a case-control study. Lancet i: 1224–1226, 1984
Last JM: A Dictionary of Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, New York, 1985
Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H: Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1982
Peeters PHM, Verbeek ALM, Hendriks JHCL, Holland R, Mravunac M, Vooijs GP: The occurrence of interval cancers in the Nijmegen screening programme. Br J Cancer 59: 929–32, 1989
Whitehead J, Cooper J: Risk factors for breast cancer by mode of diagnosis: some results from a breast cancer screening study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 43: 115–120, 1989
De Waard F, Cornelis JP, Aoki K, Yoshida M: Breast cancer incidence according to weight and height in two cities of the Netherlands and in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Cancer 40: 1269–1275, 1977
London SJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ: Prospective study of relative weight, height and risk of breast cancer. J Am Med Assoc 262: 2853–2858, 1989
Törnberg SA, Holm L-E, Carstensen JM: Breast cancer risk in relation to serum cholesterol, serum beta-lipoprotein, height, weight, and blood pressure. Acta Oncol 27: 31–37, 1988
Tretli S: Height and weight in relation to breast cancer morbidity and mortality: a prospective study of 570,000 women in Norway. Int J Cancer 44: 23–30, 1989
Willett WC, Browne ML, Bain C, Lipnick RJ, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Colditz GA, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE: Relative weight and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 122: 731–740, 1985
Vatten LJ, Kvinnsland S: Body mass index and risk of breast cancer. A prospective study of 23,826 Norwegian women. Int J Cancer 45: 440–444, 1990
Swanson CA, Jones DY, Schatzkin A, Brinton LA, Ziegler RG: Breast cancer risk assessed by anthropometry in the NHANES I Epidemiological follow-up study. Cancer Res 48: 5363–5367, 1988
Vatten LJ, Kvinnsland S: Body height and risk of breast cancer. A prospective study of 23,831 Norwegian women. Br J Cancer 61: 881–85, 1990
Adami H-O, Rimsten A, Stenkvist B, Vegelius J: Influence of height, weight and obesity on risk of breast cancer in an unselected Swedish population. Br J Cancer 36: 787–791, 1977
Waaler HT, Lund E: Association between body height and death from breast cancer. Br J Cancer 48: 149–150, 1983
Ewertz M: Influence of non-contraceptive exogenous and endogenous sex hormones on breast cancer risk in Denmark. Int J Cancer 42: 832–838, 1988
Pekonen F, Partanen S, Makinen T, Rutanen E-M: Receptors for epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I and their relation to steroid receptors in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 48: 1343–1347, 1988
Lippman ME, Dickson RB, Bates S, Knabbe C, Huff K, Swain S, McManaway M, Bronzert D, Kasid A, Gelmann E: Autocrine and paracrine growth regulation of human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 7: 59–70, 1986
Albertsson-Wikland K, Isaksson O, Rosberg S, Westphal O: Secretory pattern of growth hormone in children of different growth rates. Acta Endoc 103 (suppl 256): 72, 1983
Feinleib M: Breast cancer and artificial menopause: A cohort study. J Nat Cancer Inst 41: 315–329, 1968
Trichopoulos D, MacMahon B, Cole P: Menopause and breast cancer risk. J Nat Cancer Inst 48: 605–613, 1972
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brekelmans, C.T.M., Peeters, P.H.M., Faber, J.A.J. et al. The epidemiological profile of women with an interval cancer in the DOM screening programme. Breast Cancer Res Tr 30, 223–232 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00665964
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00665964