Conclusions
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1.
As-cast, the fracture of steel 45L is brittle (transcrystalline and intergranular fracture). In steels with vanadium there are more sections of brittle fracture with pearlite components.
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2.
The fracture of the quenched steel without vanadium is primarily transcrystalline, while the steel with vanadium and nitrogen has a predominantly dimpled fracture.
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3.
Alloying of steel 45L with small amounts of vanadium (0.06–0.2%) and nitrogen (0.025%) increases the strength 10–15% without lowering the toughness as-cast or after quenching.
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Literature cited
F. N. Tavadze (editor), Metallography of Iron [in Russian], Vol. 1, Metallurgiya, Moscow (1972), p. 49.
Charles Crussard et al., "Comparison of ductile and fatigue fracture," in: Atomic Mechanism of Failure [Russian translation], Metallurgizdat, Moscow (1963), pp. 535–574.
Additional information
Moscow Aviation Technological Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 6, pp. 76–77, June, 1975.
Volgograd Scientific-Research Institute of Technology of Machine Construction. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 6, pp. 65–66, June, 1975
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Ivanov, B.V., Pastushkov, A.M. Fractographic study of steel 45L with vanadium and nitrogen. Met Sci Heat Treat 17, 523–525 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00664190
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00664190