Conclusions
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1.
Aluminum nitride (0.079%) and vanadium nitride (0.125%) refine the grains in steels of the 17GS type and increase the yield strength by 4.5–7 kg/mm2, substantially increasing the toughness of the steel and also the work of crack initiation and crack propagation, which lowers the ductile—brittle transition temperature by 17–58°.
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2.
In contrast to nitrides, excess carbides, carbonitrides, and copper phase, which increase the strength characteristics, lower the toughness and raise the ductile—brittle temperature of the steels.
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3.
The embrittling effect of copper phase in steel of the 17GSND type is slight at copper concentrations up to 0.5%, but increases at larger copper concentrations.
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Literature cited
V. A. Drozdovskii and Ya. B. Fridman, Effect of Cracks on Mechanical Properties of Structural Steels [in Russian] Metallurgizdat Moscow (1960), p. 108.
Additional information
I. P. Bardin Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 2, pp. 31–34, February, 1976.
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Pridantsev, M.V., Kopernikova, V.N. & Grigorenko, L.A. Effect of nitrides, carbonitrides, carbides, and copper precipitates on the cold resistance of low-alloy steels. Met Sci Heat Treat 18, 136–139 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00664149
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00664149