Conclusions
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1.
The creep resistance of 12% Cr−W−Mo−V−Nb steel is increased most effectively by alloying with zirconium, nitrogen, and aluminum due to the formation of nitrides, with the ductility remaining fairly high.
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2.
With increasing concentrations of tungsten and molybdenum (up to 1.6%) the time to failure decreases slightly, while the addition of up to 2.0% Si, 0.7% Nb, 0.6% V, 0.4% Y, and 1.3% Ni substantially reduces the creep resistance due to the larger percentage of ferrite in the alloy, the lowering of the critical points, and weakening of atomic bonds in thecrystal lattice.
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Literature cited
F. F. Khimushin, Stainless Steels [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1967).
A. F. Silaev, G. P. Fedortsev-Lutikov, and M. F. Sheshenev, Chromium Heat Resistant Steels for Power Plants [in Russian], Metallurgizdat, Moscow (1963).
K. A. Lanskaya, Heat Resistant Steels [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1969).
Toshio Fugita, J. Iron Steel Inst. Japan,49, 10, 1563–1565 (1963).
Additional information
Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 11, pp. 26–29, November, 1974.