Conclusions
It was found that it is possible to improve the toughness of steel 09G2S in the transverse direction at −40°C by adding aluminum, ferrocerium, or calcium—silicon. The toughness is directly proportional to the total number of grain boundaries contaminated with nonmetallic inclusions and their shape—the less contaminated the grain boundaries and the closer the shape of nonmetallic inclusions to spheroidal, the higher the toughness.
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Kramatorsk Scientific-Research and Design-Technological Institute of Machine Construction. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, p. 68, May, 1975.
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Reveka, V.N., Nesterenko, V.M. Toughness of steel 09G2S at low temperatures in relation to cleanness of grain boundaries. Met Sci Heat Treat 17, 434–435 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00663227
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00663227